KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT, IMPLEMENTASI NILAI LUHUR BUDAYA INDONESIA DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA ALAM
Abstract
Laut Indonesia merupakan salah satu pusat keanekaragaman hayati tertinggi di dunia, sementara itu terumbu karang Indonesia merupakan pusat dari segitiga terumbu karang dunia. Namun, meningkatnya jumlah penduduk serta faktor-faktor ekonomi lain, menyebabkan tekanan terhadap sumberdaya alam laut dan ekosistemnya semakin meningkat pula yang berpengaruh pada menurunnya produktivitas dan keanekaragaman sumberdaya hayati tersebut. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, upaya pengelolaan lingkungan dan konservasi sumberdaya pesisir dan laut merupakan langkah yang penting dan strategis. Deparetemen Kelautan dan Perikanan mengklaim bahwa Luas Kawasan Konservasi Laut Indonesia pada awal Tahun 2005 memiliki luas ± 7.227.757,26 Ha atau 7,2 Km2 pada 75 kawasan konservasi. Lalu bagaimana posisi dan peran serta masyarakat di sekitar kawasan tersebut, apakah masyarakat menjadi penghalang bagi keberlanjutan kawasan konservasi? atau apakah mungkin, masyarakat justru dapat diharapkan memiliki peran aktif dalam pelestarian dan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi?. Berbagai contoh pengelolaan sumberdaya laut berbasis masyarakat berdasarkan hukum adat (kearifan lokal) di berbagai daerah di Indonesia yang secara tidak disadari justru menerapkan kaidah-kaidah konservasi mung kin merupakan gambaran bahwa konservasi laut berbasis masyarakat (comunity based management) atau kolaborasi dengan pemerintah (co-management) merupakan sesuatu yang sangat mungkin dikembangkan.
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