Jurnal Agricultural Biosystem Engineering

Cover June 2026

Warji Warji — 2026-07-16

Preface June 2026

Warji Warji — 2026-07-16

Pengaruh Penambahan Jahe terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Penerimaan Sensori Teh Cascara Berbahan Kulit Kopi Robusta

Raihan Athallah Mukhti — 2026-06-21

This study evaluated the effect of ginger addition on the physical characteristics and sensory acceptance of cascara tea produced from Robusta coffee pulp. Coffee pulp is an agricultural by-product that can be processed into a value-added beverage product. Ginger was added to improve the sensory profile of cascara tea, particularly aroma and taste. The study used a single-factor Completely Randomized Design with six ginger concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% based on the weight of cascara. Each treatment was repeated three times. The observed parameters included moisture content, specific gravity, sediment content, and sensory acceptance. The results showed that ginger concentration significantly affected moisture content, but did not significantly affect specific gravity and sediment content. Sensory evaluation showed that the addition of 10% ginger produced the highest acceptance score compared with other treatments. Excessive ginger concentration tended to reduce panelist preference because the pungent ginger flavor became dominant. Based on the observed physical and sensory characteristics, the addition of 10% ginger was considered the most acceptable formulation for cascara tea made from Robusta coffee pulp. Further studies are required to analyze bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, microbial safety, and storage stability before the product can be claimed as a functional beverage.

Penanganan Pascapanen dengan Pengeringan Daging Udang

Ryana Tammi Putri — 2026-06-22

Shrimp is a leading fishery export commodity that is perishable. Proper post-harvest handling is crucial to maintain quality and prevent export rejections. This study aims to determine the handling of shrimp by drying until the moisture content approaches the equilibrium moisture content. The method used is an experimental method with temperature treatments of 40, 50, 60, 70 ^oC and room temperature. The results showed that drying at a temperature of 70 ^oC resulted in a faster decrease in moisture content. The equilibrium moisture content was reached more quickly compared to the drying temperature of 40 ^oC. Drying shrimp meat will increase the brightness of the shrimp meat, the reddish color and the yellowish color of the shrimp meat. The proximate value of shrimp meat before and after drying was relatively unchanged.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Penjatuhan Bibit Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Penanaman

Raihan Ramadhan — 2026-06-22

This study aims to design and evaluate the performance of a simple and efficient semi-automatic cassava seed dropping system tailored to farmers’ needs. The system was constructed using mechanical components including a drive wheel, a pulley and belt transmission, and a cylindrical metering device with two dropping chambers synchronized with the rotation of the wheel. Performance tests were conducted to assess planting distance accuracy, seed orientation upon release, operational speed, field capacity, and field efficiency. The results indicate that the system operated as designed, producing an average planting distance of 80.79 cm, closely matching the intended specification. Seed orientation tests showed that 92% of the cuttings fell within an angle of 0°–15°, with an average inclination of 3.8°, aligning with agronomic recommendations for optimal shoot and root development. The tool achieved an operational speed of 0.184 m/s (0.66 km/h), with a theoretical field capacity of 0.01657 ha/h and an actual field capacity of 0.00929 ha/h, resulting in an average field efficiency of 56.10%. These findings demonstrate that the developed semi-automatic seed dropping system can enhance planting efficiency compared with manual methods while producing more uniform planting distance and orientation.

Model Deteksi Gulma dan Tanaman Jagung Berbasis YOLOv5n untuk Sistem Pertanian Presisi

Miraj Fuadi — 2026-06-22

Weed infestation is one of the main challenges in maize cultivation because it can reduce crop growth and productivity through competition for nutrients, water, light, and growing space. An automatic detection system is therefore needed to support precision agriculture, particularly for selective weed control. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a YOLOv5n-based detection model for identifying maize plants and weeds in agricultural field images. The dataset used in this study was obtained from the Weed Classification dataset available on Kaggle. Image annotation was performed using bounding boxes with two object classes, namely maize and weed. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and testing subsets using an 80:10:10 ratio. Model training was conducted on Google Colab for 100 epochs using an image size of 640 × 640 pixels and the YOLOv5n architecture. Model performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and mAP@50. The results showed that the YOLOv5n model achieved an average precision of 0.894, recall of 0.923, F1-score of 0.908, and mAP@50 of 0.936. The maize class obtained a higher mAP@50 of 0.976, while the weed class achieved an mAP@50 of 0.897. These results indicate that YOLOv5n can effectively detect maize plants and weeds and has the potential to support precision agriculture applications, particularly selective spraying systems.

Karakteristik Pengeringan dan Efisiensi Energi Alat Pengering Kopra Tipe Rak Berbahan Bakar Biomassa

Sugeng Triyono — 2026-06-22

Copra quality is strongly influenced by the drying process. Traditional sun drying and smoking methods often require a long drying time and may produce low-quality copra. This study aimed to design and evaluate the performance of a biomass-fueled tray-type copra dryer. The dryer consisted of two drying chambers separated by a heat-exchange tunnel equipped with heat-retaining fins and operated using either wood or coconut shell as fuel. Performance evaluation was conducted under full-load conditions in Pagelaran Village, Lampung, by observing temperature distribution, moisture reduction, drying rate, fuel consumption, energy efficiency, and drying characteristics. The results showed that the developed dryer operated satisfactorily and was capable of producing high-quality copra. The use of coconut shell resulted in better drying performance than wood. Drying temperatures ranged from 54 to 66°C and provided favorable conditions for moisture removal. The dryer accommodated approximately 278 coconuts (about 160 kg fresh coconut meat) and produced around 60 kg of dried copra. The drying rate reached 2.41 kg H₂O h⁻¹ (3.73% dry basis h⁻¹), with fuel consumption of 54.46 kg and an energy efficiency of 6.51%. Moisture ratio decreased exponentially with drying time, indicating effective moisture removal throughout the drying process. In addition, the dryer produced bright-colored copra without signs of scorching. The utilization of coconut shell as fuel also demonstrates the potential use of coconut biomass residues as a sustainable energy source for small-scale copra processing.

Pengaruh Suhu dan Ketebalan Irisan Terhadap Kerupuk Otak-Otak Ikan Menggunakan Teknologi Vacuum Frying

Salma Hairunisa — 2026-06-24

Lampung Province is known for its enormous potential for marine and fishery resources in Indonesia. This condition will support the supply of fish for making otak-otak. Vacuum frying otak-otak can increase its shelf life, so otak-otak products have the potential for export. This study aims to analysis the effect of temperature and slice thickness in vacuum frying on the quality characteristics of fish otak-otak chips. Frying temperature and differences in slice thickness affect the quality characteristics of fish otak-otak chips, especially on the parameters of yield, colour, and crispiness, but do not significantly affect water content, taste, and aroma. Treatment with longitudinal slices divided into 3 tends to produce a crispier texture and a higher level of acceptance than whole otak-otak. The combination of 85 °C temperature with longitudinal slices resulted in the fastest frying time, namely 85 minutes, with the lowest water content of 4.0%. In contrast, the treatment of 75 °C temperature with whole slices resulted in the longest frying time, namely 139 minutes, with the highest water content of otak-otak fish at 4.7%. The best colour quality was obtained at a temperature of 75˚C with longitudinal slices with a score of 3.78, while the highest level of crispiness was obtained at a temperature of 85 °C with longitudinal slices with a score of 4.25 (crispy).

Efisiensi Irigasi Kapiler Berbasis Capillary Mat pada Berbagai Jenis Sayuran Daun dengan Media Substrat Cocopeat dan Arang Sekam

Widya Andani — 2026-06-24

Water scarcity and low surface irrigation efficiency are major constraints to leafy vegetable productivity in dryland farming. Capillary mat-based irrigation offers a solution through efficient water distribution to the root zone. This study aimed to analyze capillary irrigation efficiency using a cocopeat and rice husk charcoal mixture (1:1) on three leafy vegetables (pakcoy, lettuce, caisim), and to compare the effects of capillary mat lengths of 50% (M1) and 100% (M2) on water use efficiency and plant productivity. The experiment employed a Split-Plot Design within a Completely Randomized Design with three replications (18 experimental units). Measured parameters included environmental conditions (temperature, RH, VPD), nutrient quality (pH, EC, TDS), plant growth (height, leaf number, canopy area, root length, root fresh weight), yield (shoot fresh weight), water consumption, and water productivity. The results showed that M2 provided a larger water supply than M1 but did not show a significant difference in water use efficiency. Average water productivity for M1 and M2 was 48.69 g/L and 49.86 g/L, respectively. Plant type influenced yield, with caisim producing the highest shoot fresh weight (92.3 g) under M2K3, while lettuce produced the lowest (38 g) under M1K2. Root parameters did not show a consistent interaction pattern between mat treatment and plant type. Economically, M1 was more efficient, with costs Rp10,640.00 lower per bed unit compared to M2. This study recommends using a 50% capillary mat (M1) for pakcoy and lettuce cultivation. Future research can be improved by selecting plants with uniform harvest periods, applying an automated microclimate control system, and utilizing high-precision water level sensors.

Karakteristik Fisik dan Performa Pembakaran Briket Biocoal Berbasis Campuran Biomassa Ranting Pohon dan Batubara pada Berbagai Komposisi

Zana Azalia Maktub — 2026-06-30

The utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source has gained increasing attention as an alternative to fossil fuels. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tree branch biomass proportion on the physical characteristics and combustion performance of biocoal briquettes produced from biomass–coal blends. Four briquette formulations containing 16.0%, 31.9%, 47.7%, and 63.7% tree branch biomass were prepared and tested for density, impact resistance, tensile strength, compressive strength, and combustion rate. The results showed that biomass composition significantly affected the physical and combustion properties of the briquettes. The highest density was obtained at 16.0% biomass content (940.84 kg/m³), while the lowest density was observed at 47.7% biomass content (883.08 kg/m³). The briquette containing 47.7% biomass exhibited the best mechanical properties, characterized by the lowest number of fragments after impact testing (3.4 pieces), the highest tensile strength (115,710.61 N/m²), and the highest compressive strength (168,541.37 N/m²). Meanwhile, the highest combustion rate was achieved by the briquette containing 63.7% biomass, reaching 2.37 g/min. Compared with commercial coal briquettes, the combustion performance of the 63.7% biomass briquette approached that of super briquettes (2.57 g/min) and exceeded that of pure coal briquettes (2.09 g/min). Overall, a biomass proportion of 47.7% was considered optimal in terms of physical and mechanical properties, while 63.7% biomass provided the best combustion performance. These findings demonstrate the potential of tree branch biomass as a sustainable feedstock for biocoal briquette production.

Karakteristik Pengeringan Biji Kopi Robusta pada Dua Metode Penjemuran

Dwi Dian Novita — 2026-06-30

Study on drying robusta coffee beans using a solar dryer dome was conducted to support the improvement of coffee bean quality in Lampung Province. This study aims to determine and compare the effects of thickness and drying methods (solar dryer dome and sun drying) on the drying characteristics of robusta coffee beans. The parameters observed were temperature, humidity, weight loss, moisture content, and drying rate. The research results indicate that the reduction in coffee bean moisture content in the solar dryer dome occurred more rapidly than with sun drying. The drying process took 10 days using the solar dryer dome method and 21 days using the sun drying method. ANOVA results on day 10 indicate that the variations in thickness and drying methods significantly affected the moisture content of the coffee beans. LSD results show that the effects of the treatments differed significantly from one another. The treatment using a solar dryer dome with a single-layer thickness yielded the lowest moisture content at 10.2% (wet basis).

Analisis Citra Digital Sederhana untuk Kuantifikasi Kerusakan Mekanis Buah Pisang Setelah Simulasi Transportasi

Wahyu Hidayat — 2026-06-30

Bruising is a common form of mechanical damage occurring in bananas during transport that can reduce fruit quality. This study aimed to determine the optimal threshold for measuring banana bruise areas using digital image analysis and to evaluate the effects of vibration frequency and duration on bruise development during storage. The percentage of bruised area was derived from image segmentation using ImageJ at threshold values of 120, 130, 140, 150, and 160. The optimal threshold was selected using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while treatment effects were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s post-hoc test. PCA results indicated that all thresholds were strongly correlated and represented similar information; consequently, a threshold of 150 was selected as the best option based on statistical results and visual evaluation of the segmentation. ANOVA results showed that the interaction between vibration frequency and duration had a highly significant effect on the percentage of bruised area, whereas duration alone did not have a significant effect. Duncan’s test revealed that the 10 Hz–60 minute combination resulted in the lowest percentage of bruised area, while the 30 Hz–60 minute combination resulted in the highest. This study demonstrates that a threshold of 150 can serve as a basis for quantifying banana bruising and that the extent of bruising during transport simulation is influenced by the combination of vibration frequency and duration.