Jurnal Agrotek Tropika

DYNAMICS AND DISTRIBUTION POPULATIONS OF PEST Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. BASED ON THE MATURITY OF COFFEE GAYO ARABICA BEANS

Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) or coffee berry borer (CBB) is a major coffee pest that causes serious damage to coffee berry, particularly in the Gayo Arabica coffee production center in the Gayo Highlands, Province of Aceh. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics and distribution populations of coffee berry borer based on maturity level of Gayo Arabica coffee berries at various altitudes. The study was conducted at plantations coffee Arabica in Bener Meriah Regency at altitudes of 750–1500 meters above sea level. The coffee berry borer population was observed on coffee berries categorized into three maturity levels (unripe, semi-ripe, and ripe), and was observed for 12 weeks. The results showed that coffee berry borer attacked coffee berries at all maturity levels, with population distribution varying according to developmental stage and elevation. Egg populations were more numerous in unripe fruit, larvae were dominant in unripe berries, and pupae and adults were more numerous in ripe berries. The distribution pattern of coffee berry borer at all maturity levels showed a clustered pattern in all altitude locations. Regression analysis showed that temperature significantly affected the adult population at all maturity levels. Based on these findings, coffee berry borer control focused on the middle to ripe fruit, particularly in lowlands, and a spatially based monitoring approach was employed. These results provide an important basis for developing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy based on fruit phenology and pest population ecology.

EFFICACY OF PUCUK IDAT, KEMUNTING, AND KEDEBIK LEAF POWDERS AGAINST SitophiluS oryzaeL. ON PADDY AND FIELD RICE

Lesta, Prestiani, Hendrik Ali, Muhammad Barrul Fatakh — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the significant challenge of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) infestation, which can cause yield losses of up to 70% in stored rice. This study aimed to assess the sustainability and environmental friendliness of botanical pesticides. The botanical pesticides used were wild shrubby vegetation such as pucuk idat (Cratoxylum glaucum), kemunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), and kedebik (Melastoma malabathricum). These plants were selected for their natural resistance to pests, suggesting the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites. Using a factorial completely randomised design, this study examined the effect of plant species, rice types (paddy and field rice), and four doses of botanical pesticides (10, 15, 20, and 50 g) on rice weevil mortality. The results showed that the three types of botanical pesticides were significantly effective in controlling S. oryzae. The highest mortality rate of 83.3% was observed in the rice treatment with 20 g of pucuk idat leaf botanical pesticide. Mortality began to appear on the third day after treatment and peaked around the sixth day. This pattern indicates a delayed but potent toxic effect, likely due to bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites present in the plant leaves. Furthermore, interactions among plant species, rice varieties, and dosage strongly influenced the efficacy of this botanical pesticide. This research provides a foundation for the use of botanical pesticides as an effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative to rice weevil infestation. The application of botanical pesticides can support food security and sustainable agriculture by utilising the value of local plant biodiversity.

PREDICTION OF EROSION HAZARD LEVELS AND DIRECTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND CONSERVATION ON THE NORTHWEST SLOPES OF MOUNT LAWU, KARANGANYAR REGENCY

As'ak Arif, Arum Sekar Kedhaton — Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Agricultural land on the northwest slope of Mount Lawu, Karanganyar District, is developed on land with a very steep slope and has the potential of increasing erosion in the surrounding area. This research aimed to determine: (1) the level of erosion hazard, (2) the allowable amount of erosion, and (3) the direction of land conservation. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The research data then analyzed descriptively based on the results of calculations using the USLE model. From this study, the researcher found several results. These results namely: (1) The level of erosion-hazard from the samples consisted of moderate (sample point I, VI), and very severe (sample point II, III, IV, V). The level of erosion hazard in the research area using geographic information system analysis is dominated by moderate (62.18%) and very severe levels (32.04%); (2) The amount of erosion allowed at the six sample points ranges from 13.00-18.08 tons/ha/yr. These six-sample points also have the potential for higher erosion rates than allowed. Therefore, land conservation instructions need to be given. (3) The instructions for the six sample points may apply vegetative methods (by changing ground cover vegetation) and mechanical methods (by changing land management).

ANALYSIS OF WATER SCARCITY INDEX IN WET CLIMATE AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN SOUTH SINJAI DISTRICT

Sartika Laban, A. Amrullah — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Water availability in humid regions is often considered abundant due to high rainfall. However, uneven water distribution can lead to water shortages, especially when meeting domestic and agricultural demands. This study aims to analyze the level of water scarcity in South Sinjai District. The data included rainfall, soil characteristics, population numbers, and domestic and agricultural water demands. Water availability and its scarcity were analyzed using the water balance and Water Scarcity Index (WSI) approach. The study showed that the four villages studied experienced water availability and demand variations. Aska and Talle villages have higher water availability than Palae and Bulukamase villages. However, the increased water demand due to intensive planting patterns and population growth has caused some villages to be near critical to very critical. If a two- to three-season planting pattern is applied without good water resource management, the WSI can exceed 100%, signaling a very critical condition. Therefore, more efficient water management strategies are needed, including optimizing irrigation infrastructure, using water storage technologies, and implementing climate-based adaptive policies to reduce pressure on water resources.

GROWING RESOURCE MODIFICATION EASES THE COMPLICATIONS IN ISOLATING Mycosphaerella ORIGINATING FROM BANANA

Hagia Sophia Khairani, Fitra Parlindo, Efi Toding Tondok — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Experimental study on the Mycosphaerella species complex was often limited by the availability of the isolates due to problems in the isolation process. Two symptomatic leaves from initial and later infections were used as the source of isolates. As critical environmental factors for fungal development, we observe different pH (5.5, 6.0 6.5, and 7.0) and antibiotics (chloramphenicol and amoxicillin) that are suitable to give less-contamination growing resources for Mycosphaerella. Subsequently, we analyze the three different media, i.e. potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar, and V8 juice agar for the optimal growth of Mycosphaerella under varied photoperiod for incubation (12/12 light/dark cycle and 24-h dark) using the selected pH and antibiotics. This research was conducted in an ambient laboratory setting utilizing a complete randomized factorial design with ANOVA and Tukey test. The subculturing stage of Mycosphaerella was shown to be most successful at pH 6.0 with amoxicillin from a young infected leaf with first signs (brown streak without halo). This fungus preferred oatmeal agar with 24-hour dark incubation to achieve the highest mycelial growth (1.6 mm/day) and conidial production (3.3 x 10⁴ conidia ml^-1). This could be an essential approach employed by researchers to provide a sufficient quantity of Mycosphaerella propagules in vitro, in vivo, and ad planta trials for Sigatoka disease management.

DELINEATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RIVER BASIN WATERSHED FORMS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND REMOTE SENSING

Fiqih Azzahra, Iswahyudi Iswahyudi, Rosmaiti Rosmaiti — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2024, in the last three years there have been 62 floods in East Aceh Regency, Langsa City, and Aceh Tamiang Regency, with details of 29 incidents in East Aceh, 13 incidents in Langsa City, and 20 incidents in Aceh Tamiang. The high frequency of flooding indicates the need for hydrological studies in the Krueng Bayeun, Krueng Langsa, and Krueng Tamiang River Basins (DAS). This study aims to analyze watershed boundaries, topographic characteristics, and the shape and pattern of river flow direction using a Geographic Information System (GIS) based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive survey method through remote sensing analysis. The results of the Spatial Analyst Hydrology analysis show that the watershed area is depicted in the form of a polygon as the main watershed area. The roundness ratio values of the Krueng Bayeun, Krueng Langsa, and Krueng Tamiang watersheds are 0.23; 0.30; and 0.34, respectively, indicating that the three watersheds are elongated. Water flow is focused toward low-lying areas, potentially increasing water accumulation and the risk of flooding, especially during the rainy season. All three watersheds are dominated by dendritic drainage patterns with moderate river density, indicating sufficient water reserves. The Krueng Bayeun and Krueng Langsa watersheds are dominated by flat to gentle slopes, resulting in slower river flow and longer retention of standing water. Meanwhile, the Krueng Tamiang watershed is dominated by steep to very steep slopes, accelerating flow, increasing erosion, and potentially causing flooding in downstream areas.

THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER DOSES ON VARIATIONS IN AGE OF PALM OIL PLANT

Okta Priambodo, Anugerah Rafi Pratama, Samsul Arifin, Dani Lukman Hakim — Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

To produce quality oil, proper plant care is essential, with fertilization being key to maintaining high productivity. As the plant ages, the required fertilizer quantity decreases, which can impact production outcomes. To assess the effects of reduced fertilization, observations were made on oil palm plants with decreased fertilizer quantities. These observations focused on plant health and oil palm production results. Analyzing plant health can be done in various ways, one of which is by using remote sensing technology. Remote sensing analysis of plant health can be conducted using Sentinel 2A satellite imagery, accessible and downloadable via Google Earth Engine. NDVI analysis is used on Sentinel 2A imagery to assess plant health. The analysis results show consistent health classification across different planting years. 72 to 1, indicate a very healthy classification, demonstrating that reducing the quantity of fertilizer does not affect the NDVI values in different planting years. However, reducing the quantity of fertilizer does impact the productivity of oil palm plants.

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF THREE VARIETIES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) TO SUPERBOKASHI MA-11 ORGANIC FERTILIZATION

Ajang Maruapey, Selvia Tharukliling, Hanny Hidayati Nafi'ah — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was designed to examine the growth responses and yield performance of three rice varieties under different dosage levels of the organic fertilizer Superbokashi MA-11. The experiment utilized a two-factor factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor consisted of rice varieties, namely Ciherang (V1), Situ Bagendit (V2), and Inpari 13 (V3), while the second factor was the level of organic fertilizer dosage Superbokashi MA-11, including 0 tons ha⁻¹ (P0), 8 tons ha⁻¹ (P1), and 16 tons ha⁻¹ (P2). A significant interaction between variety and fertilizer dosage was observed only for the number of productive tillers, with Inpari 13 reaching its optimum at 8 tons ha⁻¹, averaging 22.67 tillers. In contrast, no significant interaction was observed in plant height, number of filled grains, 1000-grain weight, or harvested grain yield. Individually, Inpari 13 demonstrated the best performance with a production yield of 5.87 tons ha⁻¹, which was statistically comparable to Situ Bagendit (5.53 tons ha⁻¹), but significantly higher than Ciherang (4.86 tons ha⁻¹). Increasing the fertilizer dosage up to 16 tons ha⁻¹ was proven to enhance the 1000-grain weight to 27.44 g and produce the highest grain yield of 6.11 tons ha⁻¹. This study concludes that integrating the Inpari 13 or Situ Bagendit varieties with the application of Superbokashi MA-11 at a dosage of 16 tons ha⁻¹ is a strategic approach to improve rice productivity.

ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF SOIL MACROFAUNA IN KATOKKON CHILI CULTIVATION FIELD IN NORTH TORAJA REGENCY

Risky Nurhikmayani, Ratih Wulandari — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Katokkon chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a leading local horticultural crop in Toraja, South Sulawesi, and holds significant economic and cultural value. However, declining soil health due to unsustainable cultivation practices has reduced productivity. Soil macrofauna are important indicators of soil health because of their roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil structure improvement. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna as bioindicators of soil health in katokkon chili cultivation fields in Batupiak Hamlet, Kesu’ District, North Toraja Regency. The method used was hand sorting for manual identification of macrofauna from soil samples, accompanied by measurement of soil physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, organic C (Walkley and Black method), and total N (Kjeldahl method). The results showed that the types of macrofauna found included Lumbricidae, Formicidae, Anisolabidae, Lycosidae, and centipedes, with a diversity index (H') of 1.103, classified as moderate, and an average population abundance of 466.67 individuals/m². Environmental parameters supported the presence of these macrofauna, with soil temperature 28–29°C, pH 5.3–6.78, organic C content 1.70–2.55%, and total N 0.12–0.29%, although soil moisture was relatively low. These findings indicate that katokkon chili fields in Batupiak exhibit fairly good soil biological activity and soil fertility potential, which should be maintained to support sustainable production.

RAPID SCREENING OF ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN MAIZE USING HEMATOXYLIN STAINING

Jabal Rahmat Ashar, Muhammad Munawir Syarif, A. Farhanah, Maimuna Nontji — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Developing aluminum (Al³⁺)-tolerant maize genotypes is an important objective in breeding programs for acidic soils. Rapid and reliable screening methods are required to identify tolerant genotypes at the seedling stage. This study evaluated the response of ten maize lines to Al³⁺ stress using a nutrient solution containing 10 ppm Al³⁺ combined with hematoxylin staining. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2025 at the Plant Breeding and Seed Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, heritability, correlation, and cluster analysis. Hematoxylin staining classified the genotypes into four tolerance categories, consisting of 10% very tolerant, 30% tolerant, 60% comparatively tolerant, and no sensitive genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped the ten maize lines into three major clusters, indicating phenotypic variation in their responses to Al³⁺ stress. Among the evaluated lines, G1 exhibited the highest level of tolerance based on hematoxylin staining and cluster analysis. These findings indicate that hematoxylin staining provides a useful preliminary approach for distinguishing phenotypic responses among maize lines exposed to aluminum stress.

RISK OF RICE YIELDS CAUSED BY TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL CHANGE IN KARAWANG WEST JAVA

Ruminta Roem, Tati Nurmala, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Adine Syabina Buswar — Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Karawang Regency is experiencing climate change as seen by changes in temperature and rainfall, which impacts the agricultural sector, especially a decrease in rice yields. Change of rice yields due to variations in temperature and raifall can be studied using hazard, vulnerability and risk analysis. This research identified the magnitude of temperature and rainfall variations and analyze the potential for hazard, vulnerability, and risk of reduced rice yields in Karawang Regency. This research uses descriptive and quantitative methods. The data used are rainfall, temperature, rice planting and harvest area, rice production, and socioeconomic data of farmers from BPS, BMKG, and the Karawang Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office, and other sources. This study found the fact that Karawang Regency experienced a decrease in average rainfall of 109.97 mm and an increase in average air temperature of 0.9⁰C in the period 1991 - 2022. The sub-districts that have a very high risk of rice production decline with risks index >0.81 are Tempuran and Tirtajaya sub-districts; high risk of rice production decline with risks index 0.61 - 0.80 is Cilamaya Wetan sub-district. Most other sub-districts in Karawang Regency have a risk of decreasing rice yields at varying levels, from very low to moderate.

EXPLORATION OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN KLAMONO NATURE PARK SORONG DISTRICT

ponisri ponisri, Imelda Blesia, Azis Maruapey — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Ectomycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic associations with forest tree roots and play an important role in nutrient and water uptake as well as plant tolerance to environmental stress. This study aimed to identify the species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi and evaluate their diversity, dominance, and evenness in Klamono Nature Park, Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua. Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method with ten 20 × 20 m plots. Species were identified based on the macroscopic morphology of their fruiting bodies. Community structure was analyzed using the diversity index (H'), dominance index (C), and evenness index (E). A total of 10 species comprising 205 individuals were recorded. Boletus sp1 was the most abundant species (19.02%), whereas Amanita phalloides was the least abundant (5.37%). The values of H' (0.954), C (0.12), and E (0.916) indicated low diversity, low dominance, and high evenness, respectively. These findings provide baseline information for biodiversity conservation and forest management in Southwest Papua.

EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND COMPOST TO INCREASE GOGO RICE PRODUCTION IN SUBOPTIMAL LANDS

Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The expansion of upland rice cultivation into suboptimal lands, particularly Ultisols, represents a strategic approach to increasing national rice production. However, low soil fertility, acidic pH, and limited nutrient availability constrain productivity in such environments. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and compost application in improving the growth and yield of upland rice (Inpago 12) cultivated on Ultisol soils in Deli Serdang and Langkat, North Sumatra. A factorial randomized block design with three factors, AMF dosage (0–600 spores), compost rate (0–5 t ha⁻¹), and location that was implemented with three replications (150 experimental units). Soil analysis confirmed acidic conditions with low nutrient status typical of Ultisols. Five AMF taxa were identified with root colonization ranging from moderate to very high (46.67–100%). ANOVA results revealed that location significantly affected most growth and yield parameters, whereas AMF and compost treatments showed limited statistical effects. The most effective treatment combination was 450 spores with 2 t ha⁻¹ compost in Deli Serdang, which improved tiller number, biomass, and panicle production. These findings indicate that the effectiveness of AMF and compost application in Ultisols is highly site-specific and influenced by local soil characteristics.

MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AND UTILIZATION POTENTIAL OF Gomphrena globosa L. FROM BALI

Rindang Dwiyani — Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the morphological characteristics and phytochemical content of the purple phenotype of G. globosa growing in two different locations: Denbantas Vilage (Tabanan Regency) and Kesiman Kertalangu Vilage (Denpasar City). Samples were collected using purposive sampling, while morphological analysis was based on Tjitrosoepomo's (2013) description. Compound analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Morphologically, although the flower and leaf structures are similar, notable differences were found in stem color and leaf surface texture. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the Denbantas sample contained a dominance of saturated fatty acids such as n-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, and Tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester, which are known to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The detection of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant, indicated potential protection against lipid peroxidation. Conversely, Kesiman Kertalangu samples contain volatile and phenolic compounds such as acetic acid, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, as well as heterocyclic compounds such as 2-Ethylacridine and Indolizine, which function as antitumor and antimicrobial agents. The presence of toxic compounds such as arsenous acid and tris(trimethylsilyl) ester indicates potential heavy metal contamination from the environment. These variations chemical polymorphism influenced by genetic, geographical, and ecological factors. findings the potential of G. globosa as a source of natural bioactive compounds and cosmetics; however, further studies are needed on toxicological safety and the environmental impact on the accumulation of secondary metabolites.

MORPHOLOGY OF Phytophthora SP. CAUSING STEM CANKER IN NUTMEG AND THE ROLE OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT

Chris Leiwakabessy, Charlota Julia Risamena, Costanza Uruilal — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of Indonesia's leading spice commodities with high economic and export value. However, its productivity has declined significantly due to stem canker disease. The study aimed to characterize the morphology of Phytophthora sp and evaluate the effectiveness of activated charcoal from coconut, pine, and walnut shells in suppressing stem cancer disease. Surveys were conducted in several nutmeg centers on Ambon Island. The evaluation of activated charcoal effectiveness was carried out in situ and in vitro. The results showed that coconut shell charcoal was more effective than pine and walnut charcoal. The results also showed that the Phytophthora sp species found was a new subspecies and morphologically different from the previously known Phytophthora sp. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute significantly to the environmentally friendly management of nutmeg stem cancer and support the increase in productivity of smallholder plantations.

THE INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF OIL PALM AGE AND SLOPE SLOPE ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN BILAH SUB-WATERSHEDS

Fitra Syawal Harahap, Hilwa Walida, Zulkifli Musannif Efendi Siregar — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) expansion in tropical watersheds has raised concerns regarding soil physical degradation and its implications for hydrological functioning. This study investigated the effects of plantation age and slope gradient, as well as their interaction, on soil physical properties in the Bilah sub-watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted at Negeri Lama Village, District of Bilah Hilir, Labuhanbatu Regency from May to August 2025. A field survey was conducted across oil palm stands of different ages (0, 5, and 12 years) and slope classes (3–8% and 8–15%) using a factorial design with three replications. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm to analyze bulk density, soil organic matter, total pore space, water content, and permeability. The results showed that increasing plantation age significantly improved soil physical quality, as indicated by higher soil organic matter, total pore space, water content, and permeability, alongside reduced bulk density. In contrast, steeper slopes were associated with soil degradation, reflected in increased bulk density and reduced porosity, moisture retention, and permeability. The interaction between plantation age and slope gradient revealed spatial variability in soil physical recovery, particularly under moderate slopes where improvements were more pronounced. These findings highlight the importance of considering both biotic (plant age) and topographic (slope) factors in managing soil quality within oil palm-dominated landscapes. The study provides a scientific basis for site-specific soil conservation strategies to enhance long-term productivity while maintaining watershed ecological functions.

ANALYSIS OF LEAF AREA INDEX AND RELATIVE WATER CONTENT OF WAXY CORN LEAVES INDUCED BY ACTINOMYCETES BIOSTIMULANT

Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Waxy corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina) is one of the important food crops in Gorontalo whose productivity is still limited. Low soil fertility and drought often become obstacles during its growth period. Indicators of leaf area index and leaf relative water content can be used as indicators of plant growth physiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the administration of Actinomycetes biostimulant with different doses on the leaf area index and relative water content of waxy corn leaves. Field experiments were conducted with a randomized block design, one factor with three replications. The doses of Actinomycetes Biostimulant used were: 0, 5, 10 grams/10 kg soil in a polybag. Observed variables: Leaf Area Index (LAI) at growth intervals of 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after planting, and leaf relative water content (RWC) at the age of 35 and 42 days after planting (DAP). Quantitative descriptive was conducted for data analysis. This study revealed that Actinomycetes biostimulant of 10 grams /10 kg soil in a polybag resulted in the highest leaf area index value of 4.00 cm² m^-1at the age of 35 - 42 DAP and the highest relative leaf water content at 35 DAP of 66.52 %, while at 42 DAP, the highest RWC was 71.65 % in the control treatment. This shows that the Actinomycetes biostimulant with different doses can provide different LAI and RWC.

EFFECT OF BLUE LED POWER AND SELENIUM BIOFORTIFICATION ON THE PRODUCTION AND BIOACTIVE CONTENT OF RED CABBAGE MICROGREENS PLANTS

Maulana Fitrayadi, Karno Karno, Rosyida Rosyida — Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Red cabbage can be consumed in its early growth stage or as microgreens due to its higher nutritional content than mature vegetables, thus attracting attention as a functional food. The use of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) is an alternative in indoor farming systems. Light intensity can be achieved through a power-based approach. Optimal blue light is able to efficiently form chlorophyll, assimilate carbon, and grow biomass. Microgreen nutrition can be improved through a selenium biofortification process. The study aims to increase the production and bioactive content of red cabbage microgreens with different blue LED power and selenium concentrations. The study was conducted from October to November 2024 at the Physiology and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, and the Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University. The study used a split plot design with 3 main plot levels and 4 subplot levels based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The main plot was blue LED power of 12, 15, and 18 watts, while the subplots of selenium concentration treatments consisted of 0, 20, 40, and 60 µM, resulting in 36 experimental units. The results showed that the 18-watt blue LED power treatment was effective for increasing the fresh weight of the shoot and water content. Selenium biofortification treatment with a concentration of 20 µM was effective in increasing carotenoid levels. The 18-watt blue LED power combined with a selenium concentration of 40 µM can increase the highest total anthocyanin content.

UTILIZATION OF CASHEW NUTSHELL LIQUID EXTRACTION DREGS TO CONTROL GOLDEN APPLE SNAILS IN RICE

Dian Astriani, Ridho Kuntoro, Warmanti Mildaryani Mildaryani — Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Rice is one of the major staple food crops in the world. Golden apple snail is an important pest that can reduce rice productivity. Cashew is a plant that has potential as a botanical pesticide. Extraction of cashew nutshell produce CNSL (Cashew Nutshell Liquid) which can be used as an effective botanical pesticide. The extraction process will leave behind the dregs that suspected still have toxicity and indicated as molluscide, so it is necessary to conduct research to determine the effectiveness of the dregs of cashew nutshell extraction against Golden apple snail in rice. This research had been conducted from June to December 2023 at UMBY. The study used a single factor that was concentration of dregs of cashew nutshell extraction which consisted of four levels namely 4, 2, 1%, and without the dregs of cashew nutshell application (0%) as a control. The research consisted of two steps. The first step was toxicity test of the dregs to Golden apple snail. The next step was application test of the dregs against the snail in rice cultivation. The results showed that the dregs of cashew nutshell extraction had toxicity to Golden apple snail, with LC50 of 2.72% (27200 ppm). The dregs of cashew nutshell at a concentration of 4% was the most effective in controlling the Golden snail, meanwhile concentrations of 1, 2, or 4% did not affect rice growth until 35 days after planting but could increase the number of tillers and fresh weight of rice plants.

SOIL QUALITY INDEX: SEVERAL LAND USES IN DESA LUMUT TOBA WEST KALIMANTAN

Tia Setiawati, Rossie Wiedya Nusantara, Rinto Manurung — Tue, 11 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze soil quality in several land uses using two different methods, namely Lal (1994) and Bajracharya (2006) in secondary forests, oil palm plantations, and open land. The research was conducted for 4 months, including soil sampling in Lumut Village, Toba Sub-district, Sanggau Regency, and laboratory analysis. Determination of soil sampling points using purposive sampling method. Each land use has 8 observation points of intact and disturbed soil sampling at a depth of 0-20 cm representing secondary forest (455,15 ha), oil palm plantation (516,44 ha) and open land (37,73 ha). The results of the soil quality index assessment using the Lal (1994) method in secondary forests, oil palm plantations and open land are in poor criteria with soil quality index values of 36, 34 and 32, respectively. In contrast to the soil quality index assessment using the Bajracharya (2006) method in secondary forests, oil palm plantations and open land all have good criteria with quality index values of 0,76, 0,76 and 0,74. Differences in soil quality classes can occur because the limiting factors and weights in each method are different.