JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU

Differences in the Use of Rice Husk Bedding and Slat-Bedding on Broiler Chicken Performance in Closed House Cages

2025-02-05T11:11:40+00:00

Bedding type is one of the factors that affect broiler chicken performance. Researchers use this as a basis for testing the differences in the use of rice husk and slat cage bedding on the performance of broiler chickens in closed cages. This study used a quantitative approach with a comparative design to analyze the differences between two independent groups. This study used a quantitative approach with a comparative design to compare two independent groups. Twelve thousand broiler chickens were used, with 6,000 in slat bedding cages and 6,000 in rice husk bedding cages; each group was divided into three replications. In each replication, a sample of 20 chickens was taken. The parameters observed were Feed Intake (FI), Body Weight Gain (BWG), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The data obtained were explained using the Independent sample T-Test method. Data were taken in 1 maintenance period in a closed-house cage. Based on the statistical analysis obtained, the FI data was significantly different, namely (Sig. 0.006), the average feed consumption on the slat bedding cage showed higher results compared to rice husk bedding, as well as PBB (Sig. 0.001) and FCR (Sig. 0.034). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that slat bedding in close house cages affects consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion better than rice husk bedding.

The Effect of Adding Cricket Flour (Gryllus bimaculatus) as a Substitute for Soybean Meal in Finisher Feed on Broiler Chicken Welfare

2025-03-21T02:06:13+00:00

The issue of limited soybean meal availability and dependence on imports in Indonesia necessitates the search for alternative protein sources for animal feed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially replacing soybean meal with cricket flour in the finisher feed of broiler chickens on breast dirtiness, footpad dermatitis (FPD), and hock burn. A total of 100 male Indian River broiler chickens were raised for 5 weeks in a closed-house system, divided into two treatment groups with 5 replications, each consisting of 10 chickens. The birds were housed in pens measuring 1.5 m x 0.75 m. The feeding treatments began during the finisher phase (age 21–35 days), with P0 containing 28.5% soybean meal and P1 containing 18.5% soybean meal + 10% cricket flour. Data on breast dirtiness, FPD, hock burn, and behavior were collected from days 33 to 35 and subsequently scored. The data were analyzed statistically using the Mann-Whitney test with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results showed that substituting 10% of soybean meal with cricket flour significantly reduced footpad dermatitis (P=0.02), while no significant differences were found in hock burn and breast dirtiness (P>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it can be inferred that partially substituting soybean meal with cricket meal has the potential as an alternative protein source without causing welfare issues in broiler chickens.

The Effect of Goat Milk Substitution with Sunflower Seed Extract (Helianthus annuus L.) on the Production of Optima Kefir on pH, Total LAB, and Total Yeast

2025-05-09T06:39:05+00:00

Goat milk has a distinctive “goaty”, making it a limitation for fresh consumption. Processing the goat milk into kefir can extend the shelf life and minimize the smell of goat milk. Kefir is a fermented milk product after pasteurization then added kefir grain starter. This study aims to determine the effect of goat milk substitution with sunflower seed extract (Helianthus annuus. L) in the production of optima kefir on pH, total LAB, and total yeast. Conducted in November 2024 at the Livestock Product Processing Technology Laboratory and Biotechnology Research and Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang. The research method was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the ratio of goat milk and sunflower seed extract P1 (80:20), P2 (60:40), P3 (50:50), P4 (40:60), and P5 (20:80). Data processing of research results using Analysis of Variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the treatment consisted of goat milk and sunflower seed extract had a significant effect (P<0.05) on total LAB and total yeast, and was able to produce the best kefir in the P2 (60:40) treatment with a pH value of 3.99, total LAB 16.32  108 CFU/mL and total yeast 17.35  109 CFU/mL.

Improving The Quality Of Duroc Boars Semen Through The Application of Sun Dry Carrot Extract In Spermax-Egg Yolk Diluent

2025-03-21T01:00:41+00:00

This research aimed to determine the best level of sun-dried carrot extract (SDCE) in the spermax-egg yolk (EY-S) diluent for preserving the sperm of duroc boars. Semen was collected from two 2-year-old healthy duroc boars. The study employed an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of five treatments and five replicates. The five treatments were T1 = EY-S + SDCE 10%, T2 = EY-S + SDCE 12.5%, T3 = EY-S + SDCE 15%, T4 = EY-S + SDCE 17.5%, T5 = EY-S + SDCE 20%. Semen, which was diluted with the treatment diluent, was stored in a cool box at a temperature of 18-20°C and observed every 12 hours until sperm motility reached 40%. The results indicated that treatment P5 was able to maintain the quality of liquid boar semen better than the other treatments (P<0.05) with sperm motility (46.00%), sperm viability (51.92%), sperm abnormality (4.90%), and sperm survival (66.33 hours). It was concluded that a 20% level of sun-dried carrot extract in spermax-egg yolk diluent can preserve motility for up to 60 hours of storage. This study demonstrates that dried carrot extract can enhance the quality and storage capacity of spermatozoa, making it an effective alternative in storage media. This is beneficial in animal reproduction, particularly in artificial insemination, where sperm motility is crucial for fertilization. Furthermore, this research opens up opportunities to explore other natural substances in sperm diluents, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals and improving the sustainability of reproductive practices.

Effect of Various Yakult and Molasses Balances in Fermented Bran Production on Their Quality

2025-03-25T00:47:32+00:00

Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling that can be utilized as a growing medium for microorganisms that can be used as functional feed or feed additives. This study aims to analyze the effect of using molasses and Yakult balance in fermented rice bran on pH value, lactic acid content, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value. The research method used was experimental with a complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments consisted of P0 (1000 g rice bran: 300 g molasses), P1 (1000 g rice bran: 200 g molasses: 100 mL diluted Yakult), P2 (1000 g rice bran: 100 g molasses: 200 mL diluted Yakult). Research data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the treatment gave a significant effect on pH value, lactic acid content, and Fleigh value (NF), but did not give a significant effect on dry matter shrinkage. Treatment P2 (1000 g rice bran: 100 g molasses: 200 mL diluted Yakult) produced the highest lactic acid content (10.98%) and Fleigh value (147.560) compared to other treatments, but also produced a pH value (5.26) and high dry matter shrinkage (5.99). The results of the study can be concluded that the production of fermented bran in 1000 g can be added molasses as much as 100 g and 200 mL of diluted Yakult.

The Effect of Addition Liquid Organic Supplement from Rabbit Feces on the Chemical Properties and Fleigh Value of Fermented Rice Bran

2025-05-09T07:16:30+00:00

Fermentation of rice bran is a way to increase the nutrient content and palatability of livestock when consuming it. The study was conducted at the Ruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University in Jatinangor, Sumedang. This study aims to determine the effect of using Liquid Organic Supplement (LOS) of rabbit feces in making fermented rice bran on pH, dry matter loss, lactic acid content, and Fleigh value (NF). The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were three treatments, namely P0 (1 kg of rice bran: 300 g molasses), P1 (1 kg of rice bran: 200 g molasses: 100 g SOC of rabbit feces), and P2 (1 kg of rice bran: 100 g molasses: 200 g SOC of rabbit feces). The research data were processed using analysis of variance and Duncan's distance test. The results showed that the treatment increased the lactic acid content, but decreased the pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value. Treatment P2 produced fermented rice bran with the highest lactic acid content (45,8%), the lowest pH (3,99), dry matter loss (1,31%), and the highest Fleigh value (199). The conclusion of this study is that the ratio of rice bran, molasses, and SOC of 10:1:2 can produce the best fermented rice bran.

The Effect Of Antioxidant (Alpha-Tocopherol) Addition In Preservation Medium On Follicle Diameter And Oocyte Quality After Local Sheep Ovary Preservation

2025-04-29T05:17:08+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding the antioxidant Alpha-Tocopherol to the preservation medium on follicle diameter and oocyte quality of local sheep ovaries after 24 hours of storage at 4–5°C. The ovaries were divided into four treatment groups: P1 (dPBS), P2 (dPBS + 200 µM H₂O₂), P3 (dPBS + 200 µM H₂O₂ + 3 mM alpha-tocopherol), and P4 (dPBS + 3 mM alpha-tocopherol). The results showed no significant differences in follicle diameter changes among all treatments. The addition of Alpha-Tocopherol also did not demonstrate a notable effect in maintaining oocyte quality. Oocytes collected from all treatment groups exhibited relatively similar percentages of grade 1, 2, and 3. This study indicates that Alpha-Tocopherol does not provide a significant protective effect on follicle diameter or oocyte quality during short-term ovary preservation.

The effect of addition red ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum) and garlic (Allium sativum L ) to salted egg quality with the dry curing method

2025-03-28T05:40:45+00:00

This research aims to know the effect addition of red ginger and garlic to salted egg quality with dry curing method. This research used 160 fresh duck eggs which were curing for 14 days with a mixture of red ginger and garlic with 4 treatments that is P0 (without red ginger and garlic (control)), P1 (addition of red ginger 80% and garlic 20%), P2 (addition of red ginger 50% and garlic 50%), P3 (addition of red ginger 20% and garlic 80%) and every treatment there is 4 repetitions, each repetition consisting of 10 duck eggs. The method research was to use organoleptic test on salted eggs on 40 respondents for the judging, The data from the organoleptic test results were calculated using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), if the results of the analysis of variance showed a very real effect, continue using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The research showing that the addition of red ginger and garlic to salted eggs had a very significant effect on the flavour and taste of salted eggs, but not significant effect on the texture and salted eggs sourness. The conclusion of this study is that the best treatment of using red ginger and garlic for salted egg processing is in treatment 2, that is the use of red ginger and garlic as much as 50% seen from the results of the assessment by 40 respondents, then the assessment data were calculated using a completely randomized design. It can be seen from the calculation of data on the RAL that respondents prefer the flavour and taste of salted eggs in treatment 2.

Changes in Fiber Components in Fermented Moringa Leaf Flour using Trichoderma koningiopsis AA1

2025-07-01T03:58:50+00:00

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermenting Moringa leaf flour using Trichoderma koningiopsis AA1 (STk-AA1) with different fermentation durations (0, 4, and 8 days) on the content of crude fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose, and hemicellulose. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of three treatments with three replications each. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of P<0.05. The results showed that fermentation of Moringa leaf flour with STk-AA1 had a significant effect on increasing the levels of crude fiber, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The increase in crude fiber, NDF, and ADF was attributed to the presence of chitin in the fungal cell wall, while the increase in cellulose and hemicellulose content was due to the enzymatic activity produced by STk-AA1, such as cellulase and hemicellulase, during the fermentation process. Based on these findings, further research is recommended to explore different strains of STk-AA1 and the effects of temperature and humidity during fermentation to optimize fiber content and other components.

Utilization of Sambiloto Extract Encapsulation with Foam Mat Drying Method in Drinking Water on Broiler Carcasses

2025-07-01T07:11:04+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Encapsulated Extract of Andrographis paniculata Leaves (EEOAPL), dried using the foam mat drying method and administered through drinking water, on the performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. A total of 100 day-old broiler chicks were reared for five weeks in an open-house system using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments: A0 (commercial feed without extract), A1 (basal feed without extract), A2 (basal feed + 0.4% EEDS), A3 (basal feed + 0.8% EEDS), and A4 (basal feed + 1.2% EEDS). Each treatment was replicated four times with five birds per replicate. The results showed that final body weight ranged from 1503.25 g to 1896.50 g per bird, carcass percentage from 68.26% to 72.49%, abdominal fat from 1.435% to 1.553%, and performance index from 292.61 to 397.68. Statistical analysis revealed that EEDS supplementation had a highly significant effect (P<0.05) on final body weight, carcass percentage, and performance index, but no significant effect (P>0.05) on abdominal fat.

Ratio of Elephant Grass and Concentrate Containing Seaweed on Dry Matter, Organic Matter, and Crude Protein Digestibility (In Vitro)

2025-07-02T22:14:20+00:00

The limited availability of conventional feed has encouraged the development of alternative feed sources, such as the use of seaweed in rations. This study aimed to determine the effect of forage-to-concentrate ratios containing seaweed on in vitro digestibility. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with four treatments and five replications. The treatment rations consisted of RG1 = 80% Elephant Grass + 20% Concentrate, RG2 = 60% Elephant Grass + 40% Concentrate, RG3 = 40% Elephant Grass + 60% Concentrate, and RG4 = 20% Elephant Grass + 80% Concentrate. The observed parameters included dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and crude protein digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software, followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the treatments had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein digestibility. The dry matter digestibility values were RG1 (46.63%), RG2 (49.81%), RG3 (52.58%), and RG4 (56.60%). The organic matter digestibility values were RG1 (52.90%), RG2 (55.88%), RG3 (57.81%), and RG4 (60.94%). The crude protein digestibility values were RG1 (66.26%), RG2 (70.96%), RG3 (70.20%), and RG4 (70.25%). The best forage-to-concentrate ratio containing seaweed based on digestibility values was RG4 (20:80%).

The Effect of Iodine Teat Dipping on Subclinical Mastitis, Milk Deterioration, and Total Bacterial Count in Fresh Cow Milk in Sumbang Sub-district, Banyumas

2025-07-09T15:08:57+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of post-milking teat dipping using a 1% iodine solution on subclinical mastitis incidence, milk spoilage, and total microbial count in lactating dairy cows. The research was conducted in Limpakuwus and Susukan Villages, Sumbang Sub-district, Banyumas Regency, selected through purposive sampling. The study involved dairy farmers from the PESAT Cooperative who agreed to implement teat dipping procedures. Fresh milk samples were collected from 21 lactating dairy cows. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and presented descriptively in tables. The results showed a significant decrease in subclinical mastitis, milk spoilage, and total bacterial count following the teat dipping treatment. Statistical analysis indicated a highly significant effect (P<0.01) between teat dipping and the reduction in subclinical mastitis based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) results, with a 56.25% decrease in incidence. Significant effects (P<0.05) were also observed between teat dipping and milk spoilage, as well as total bacterial count. The number of alcohol test-positive samples declined by 62.5% (from 8 to 3 cows), while negative samples increased by 38.5% (from 13 to 18 cows). The average total bacterial count in fresh milk decreased by 49.59%. These findings suggest that teat dipping with a 1% iodine solution is an effective hygiene practice that should be integrated into the milking management routine of dairy farmers in Sumbang Sub-district to reduce subclinical mastitis, milk spoilage, and microbial contamination.

National Milk Production Dynamics: Interactions Among Dairy Cattle Population, Milk Imports and Exports in Indonesia 2020–2024

2025-07-06T10:37:47+00:00

The dairy cattle sub-sector plays a vital role in fulfilling the national demand for animal protein; however, domestic milk production has yet to meet the increasing demand. This study analyzes the impact of dairy cattle population, as well as milk import and export, on milk production in Indonesia from 2020 to 2024. Panel data from various provinces were analyzed using a fixed effects model to identify significant variables. Results indicate that the dairy cattle population has a positive and significant effect on national milk production, with variations across island regions. Conversely, milk import and export showed no significant impact on domestic production. These findings emphasize the importance of region-based development strategies, increasing dairy cattle productivity, and implementing appropriate import protection and substitution policies to enhance national milk production self-sufficiency. This study is expected to provide a basis for policymaking and strategic interventions aimed at sustainable development of the dairy industry.

The Effect Fermentation Durian Fruit Waste Use Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) on Water, Ash, Crude Fat, and Crude Protein Content

2025-06-30T14:27:13+00:00

Durian fruit waste is a type of agricultural waste that has a fairly high nutritional content so that it has the potential to be used as a feed source of energy for poultry. This study aims to analyze the effect of fermenting durian fruit waste using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the water, ash, crude fat, and crude protein content of durian fruit waste. The research was conducted from November 2024 to January 2025 at the Mini Feedmill Ciparanje and Non-Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Industry Laboratory at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Padjadjaran. The study was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications for each treatment. The treatments were as follows: P0 (unfermented DFW), P₁ (fermented DFW with an inoculum dose of P. ostreatus 0.5%), P₂ (fermented DFW with an inoculum dose of P. ostreatus 1%), P₃ (fermented DFW with an inoculum dose of P. ostreatus 2%), and P₄ (fermented DFW with an inoculum dose of P. ostreatus 4%). The results of the study showed that the use of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) had a significant effect on increasing the levels of water, ash, crude fat, and crude protein in fermented durian fruit waste. The inoculum dose of 1% of oyster mushrooms yielded the best results, with an increase in crude protein content of up to 10.94%.

Effect of Macronutrient Feed Combinations on Bioconversion, Survival, Growth, and Nutritional Value of Hermetia illucens Larvae

2025-06-08T01:21:51+00:00

Organic wastes of tilapia offal, coconut pulp, and plantain are rarely optimally utilized, but they can be degraded by BSF larvae into nutritious biomass. This study aims to analyze the combination of organic waste macronutrient feed on bioconversion, survival, growth (weight, length, and thickness), and nutritional value (protein, fat, and carbohydrates) of BSF prepupae, using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, 4 treatments P1 (50% tilapia offal: 25% plantain: 25% coconut pulp), P2 (25% tilapia offal: 50% plantain: 25% coconut pulp), P3 (25% tilapia offal: 25% plantain: 50% coconut pulp), P4 (33.3% tilapia offal: 33.3% plantain: 33.3% coconut pulp) and 3 repetitions. All treatments resulted in optimal survival (100%, survival). P4 produced an ECD value of 0.034% and WRI of 0.032% indicating the best efficiency and waste reduction. P1 was the best variation for weight at 5.69 g, length 19.7 mm, and thickness 5.8 mm. The Post Hoc Tuckey test showed no significant difference between treatments in weight and thickness parameters, but not in length parameters (<0.05). The protein content of P1 43.75%, fat P2 29.764%, and carbohydrate P2 1.374% were close to SNI 7994:2014 (meat bone meal, quality II). It was concluded that macronutrient feed waste affects bioconversion, survival, growth and nutritional value of BSF.

Identification of Crowing Sound Characteristics of Pelung Chickens at the UNIGA Rector Cup Contest through Bioacoustic and Morphometric Approaches

2025-06-02T10:30:59+00:00

The Pelung chicken is known for its distinctive crow, which is the main criterion for judging in contests. However, the correlation between bioacoustics and morphometrics has rarely been studied. This study aims to describe the characteristics of Pelung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) crowing and its correlation with morphometrics. A survey method with a purposive sampling technique was used on 20 chickens in the general category and 20 chickens in the Jajangkar category at the 7th Rector Cup contest at Garut University on November 10, 2024. The observed variables were bioacoustics, including the number of syllables, vocalization duration, volume, and frequency, as well as morphometrics, including neck length, neck circumference, and body weight. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation test. Results showed that chickens in both categories had three syllables with a crowing duration of 10.10 seconds, a volume of 39.28 dB, and a frequency of 456.95 Hz in the general category. The Jajangkar category had a crowing duration of 9.15 seconds, a volume of 39.90 dB, and a frequency of 459.35 Hz. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed significant differences: the general category had a higher total duration and second syllable than the Jajangkar category. A significant positive correlation was found between body weight, voice volume, and voice frequency in the general category. In the Jajangkar category, neck length showed a significant positive correlation with duration and frequency. However, there was a significant negative correlation between body weight and frequency and between neck circumference and volume.

The Effect of Durian Fruit Waste Fermentated with Trichoderma Sp. in Laying Hen Ration on Egg Yolk Quality

2025-06-12T22:08:54+00:00

Egg yolk has a high nutrient content, but cholesterol content and synthetic dyes added in egg yolk trigger concerns for the community so that alternatives are needed to improve egg quality by using Fermented Durian Fruit Waste (LBDF). This study aims to analyze the effect of LBDF with Trichoderma sp. in the ration of laying hens on egg quality. The research was conducted from January to March 2025 at Ciparanje Mini Feedmill and Laboratory of Non-Ruminant Poultry Nutrition and Animal Food Industry, located at Building 3, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates for each treatment, with each unit consisting of 2 laying hens, namely P0 (ration without LBDF), P1 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 5%), P2 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 10%), P3 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 15%), P4 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 20%). The results showed that the addition of LBDF with Trichoderma sp. gave a real effect on yolk cholesterol, yolk color, and yolk weight. The addition of LBDF to feed ingredients at 15% (P3) gave the best effect in reducing egg cholesterol, improving yolk color, and yolk weight.

Comparasion of the Grade of Day Old Chick Broiler Chickens in Different Cages to Mortality and Feed Conversion Ratio

2025-06-30T02:56:54+00:00

This research aims to find out and study the influence of differences in initial weight of broiler chickens on mortality and feed conversion ratio. The internship will be held for 1 period starting from 30 September – 22 December 2023 in Arresie Village, Paleteang District, Pinrang, South Sulawesi. The variables observed were mortality and FCR. The material used was broiler chickens with the platinum grade Lohmann strain in cage 1 with a population of 7,500, the second cage used silver grade Lohmann strain broiler chickens with a population of 7,500. The method used is the observation method. The variables measured were mortality and FCR in two different cages with the same population size. The analysis method used is the independent T-Test. The research results showed that the difference in doc weight on mortality and feed conversion ratio (FCR) had no significant differences (p>0.05). The difference in doc weight on mortality and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in different cages was not significantly different (P>0.05).

Anatomical and Histological Features of the Tongue Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Timor Island

2025-06-29T13:02:29+00:00

The tongue is a complementary organ owned by living things that easily moves and fills the oral cavity when the upper and lower jaw teeth meet. This study aims to determine the anatomical structure and histology of the tongue in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the Island of Timor. Tongue organs were collected from three healthy wild boars. Animals were slaughtered and necropsied. Macroscopic observations were made; length, width, and thickness were measured, and the tongue tissue was cut into several parts, namely the apex lingua, corpus lingua, and radix lingua, to be fixed in 10% formalin. Furthermore, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was performed. The results showed that the dorsal surface has four types of papillae, namely circumvallate papillae, conical papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae, and filiform papillae. The tongue muscles of wild boar were found to be m. longitudinalis, m. transversus, and m. verticalis. Conical papillae are conical with a blunt tip. Foliate papillae are located on the lateral-radix of the tongue. Fungiform papillae have a dome-like oval shape. Filiform papillae have an elongated cylindrical shape with a blunt tip. The size of the filiform papillae at the corpus of the tongue is larger than at the apex of the tongue.

Effect of Addition Extract Fermented Catfish Waste Microcapsules in Feed Ration on Red Blood Profile Broiler Chickens

2025-06-30T03:07:45+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the effect and impact of addition fermented catfish waste extract microcapsules in feed ration on the red blood profile of broiler chickens. This research was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Facility, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University from September-November 2024. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication consisting of 4 chickens with a total of 80 broiler chickens in this study. The research treatments were P0: ration without the addition of catfish waste extract microcapsules (basal ration), P1: 99.5% basal ration + 0.5% catfish waste extract microcapsules, P2: 99% basal ration + 1% fermented catfish waste extract microcapsules, P3: 98.5% + 1.5% fermented catfish waste extract microcapsules, and P4: 98% fermented catfish waste extract microcapsules. basal + 2% microcapsules of fermented catfish waste extract. The parameters measured are the red blood profile including the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The results of statistical analysis showed that effect were significant (P<0.05) increase on the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit values, but not significantly different (P>0.05) on the MCV. The research conclusion was that the addition of fermented catfish waste extract microcapsules in the ration had an effect on the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit values, but does not have a significant effect on the MCV of broiler chickens. MELIPF can be added at a usage rate of 0.5-2% in the ration.

Literature Review: Critical Analysis of Foot and Mouth Disease Control and Prevention Strategies in the Livestock Sector

2025-07-02T09:25:09+00:00

Foot and Mouth Disease (PMK) is one of the diseases that is easily transmitted to cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle, goats, sheep, buffaloes, and pigs. FMD is caused by the Foot and Mouth Diseases Virus (FMDV) from the genus Aphthovirus and the family Picornaviridae. Foot and Mouth Disease has a low mortality rate and high morbidity rate and is easily transmitted. Thus causing significant material and non-material losses in the livestock sector. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for FMD outbreaks in ruminants and provide insight into the prevention and control of FMD outbreaks. This study was conducted using a literature review method of various related studies published within a period of 2 weeks. The results of the analysis show that in efforts to control FMD, an integrated approach is needed, including vaccination, biosecurity, and livestock health management. Therefore, education is needed for the community regarding early detection of FMD symptoms and how to treat it is very important to reduce losses. Collaboration between veterinary authorities, livestock breeders, and the community is expected to reduce the spread of this disease and mitigate its economic impact.

Protein Profile of Limousin Cows and F1 Crossbred with Limousin & Brahman Bulls

2025-07-07T02:57:19+00:00

Plasma protein profiles are important indicators that reflect the health, immunological, and physiological status of cattle in relation to their production and reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to determine the total and fractionated protein levels in the plasma of Indonesian Limousin cows and their F1 offspring. The study sample consisted of 15 animals, including Indonesian Limousin cows and their F1 calves. Blood plasma was analyzed in the laboratory using the biuret method (total protein), bromcresol green (albumin concentration), and globulin (difference between total protein and albumin). Laboratory data were analyzed using SPSS 23 ANOVA and further tested using Duncan's test. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in protein profiles between F1 LLI and F1 BLI. However, F1 calves from the crossbreeding differed significantly (P < 0.05) from the LI dam in total protein and globulin, except for albumin, which showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the protein profiles of F1 LLI and F1 BLI are not significantly different, but F1 LLI shows a tendency toward higher total protein and albumin levels and lower globulin levels. Both F1 crossbreeds have significantly lower total protein and globulin levels compared to the Limousin Indonesia parent, with albumin levels also tending to be lower.

The Dynamics of Indonesia's Beef Imports Over the Past Three Decades and the Influencing Factors

2025-07-01T04:08:39+00:00

The main issue in Indonesia’s beef sector over the past three decades is the inability of domestic production to meet national consumption needs, resulting in dependence on beef imports. Domestic price fluctuations, consumption growth outpacing production, and rising per capita income have also influenced the supply and demand dynamics of beef, affecting price stability and the welfare of local farmers. This study analyzes the dynamics of Indonesia’s beef imports and the factors influencing them during the 1993–2022 period using annual time series data. A quantitative approach with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was employed to examine the effects of production, consumption, domestic price, foreign price, exchange rate, and per capita income on beef import volume. The results show that production, consumption, domestic price, and per capita income significantly affect the volume of beef imports, while foreign price and exchange rate do not have a significant impact. This study recommends policies that support sustainable increases in domestic production and control of domestic prices to ensure affordability for consumers without harming local farmers. The findings can serve as a basis for the government to formulate strategies for animal food security by strengthening supply chains, improving distribution efficiency, and enhancing the productivity of smallholder farmers to maintain the stability of Indonesia’s beef market.

The Effect of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) on Marination of Native Chicken Meat on Cooking Loss, Water Holding Capacity, Tenderness and Organoleptics

2025-07-07T11:20:18+00:00

Native chicken meat has a tougher texture, so it requires a longer processing time. Native chicken meat used in this study come from 6 month old female native chicken meat. Garlic contains compounds with high antibacterial and antioxidant activity, so it can be used as a natural preservative to maintain meat quality and affect its physical properties of meat including texture. This study aims to determine the effect and best concentration of using garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) on cooking loss, water holding capacity, tenderness and organoleptic of native chicken meat. The study was conducted at the Animal Product Processing Technology Laboratory and at the Biotechnology Research and Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The study was conducted using an experimental method using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Marinating treatments using various concentrations of garlic extract consisted of P0 (without marination), P1 (10%), P2 (20%), P3 (30%) and P4 (40%). The parameters cooking loss, water holding capacity and tenderness were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Duncan's further test, while organoleptic data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on water holding capacity and tenderness but gave results that had no significant effect on cooking losses and organoleptics. The best treatment was P3 (30%) with a cooking loss value of 35.10%, water holding capacity of 36.828%, tenderness of 2.169 kgf and organoleptic properties favored by the panelists.

Feasibility Analysis and Marketing Channels for Etawa Crossbred Goat Farming Business in Banjaragung Village, Balongpanggang District, Gresik Regency

2025-07-02T04:04:26+00:00

This study aims to determine the feasibility and marketing channels in the Etawa crossbred goat farming business in Banjaragung Village, Balongpanggang District, Gresik Regency. The population in this study was 16 Etawa crossbred goat farmers in Banjaragung Village. This study used business feasibility analysis, which included the calculation of the B/C Ratio, BEP unit, BEP price, BEP income, and the marketing margin analysis method to determine the efficiency level of the marketing channel. The result of the B/C Ratio calculation is 0,23, which means that the business is feasible to run because the result is more than 0. The result of the BEP unit calculation is 0,55 heads (1 head), the BEP price per head is Rp.2.317.214, and the BEP income is Rp.1.550.110, which means that the business is feasible to run because the average results obtained by farmers exceed the break-even point and the results of the calculation of the marketing margin analysis show that all farmers have a farmer share value above 50%, which means that all farmers have chosen an efficient marketing channel, namely marketing channel I (Farmers-Consumers) with a farmer share value of 100% and marketing channel II (Farmers-Blantik-Consumers) with a farmer share value of 90,34%.

The Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Inclusion in the Egg Salting Process on Taste and Chemical Characteristics

2025-06-23T05:31:33+00:00

This research aims to determine the effect of the use of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) on organoleptic value and salt egg chemical content. The research design used was a complete randomized design of direct pattern with 4 treatments and 4 replications respectively. The treatments were without giving bay leaf (K0), giving 5% bay leaf (K1), giving 10% bay leaf (K2), giving 15% bay leaves (K3). Variable observed included organoleptic value (color, egg white consistency , aroma, flavor, fossils, whole), protein content, fat content and cholesterol content. The data were analyzed by variance analysis, if there were significant differences between treatments then tested further with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The eggs were used as many as 160 duck eggs were divided into 4 treatments of bay leaf repeated 4 times, each replication amounted to 10 eggs. The results of the research on the organoleptic tests, which included color, consistency of the egg white, aroma, taste, packaging, and overall quality, showed that treatments K0 and K3 had the same level of preference from the panelists. Meanwhile, treatment K3 was able to significantly increase protein content and reduce fat and cholesterol content compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the 15% treatment is the best level for organoleptic tests and the chemical content of salted eggs.

Effectiveness of Mixed Strain Probiotics on the Performance of Broiler Chickens Reared in an Open Cage System

2025-07-09T03:41:01+00:00

This research aims to assese the effect of probiotics as feed additives in broiler chicken feed kept in open housed on the feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and percentage of broiler chicken carcasses. The study involved 100 male Cobb strain broiler chickens kept from day old chick until they were culled at 35 days of age. The research design implemented was a completely randomized design featuring 4 treatments and 5 replications, resulting in 20 experimental units. Every experimental unit was made up of 5 broiler chickens. The intervention applied involved adding probiotics, which included P₀: Commercial feed (control), P₁: Commercial feed + 0.2% Bacillus coagulans Probiotic, P₂: Commercial feed + 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae Probiotic, P₃: Commercial feed + Mied-strain probiotic comprising both Bacillus coagulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.1% each. The variables measured consist of feed intake, weight gain (WG) ,feed conversion ratio(FCR) and carcass percentage. Data analysis using analysis of variance. The value of feed consumption values is 640.37±136.89 to 661.92±142.68 grams/head/week with an average of 654.32±142.99 grams/head/week. The range of body weight gain values is 491.03±234.46 to 518.8±236.41 grams/head/week with an average of 502.35±247.72 grams/head/week. The FCR values range from 1,47±0,05 to 1,95±0,15 with an average of 1,75±0,18. The range of carcass percentage results is 62.17% to 68.79% with an average of 65.20%±1.76%. The analysis of variance indicate that incorporating probiotics as a feed additive does not significantly impact (P>0.05) feed intake, weight gain, FCR rate, or carcass yield. The inclusion of probiotics Bacillus coagulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.2% and mixed strains in feed has failed to enhance feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio, and carcass percentage of broiler chickens raised in open housed. The provision of probiotics Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as much as 0.2% and mix strain in feed has not been able to improve feed consumption, first of all body weight, FCR and percentage of carcass of broiler chickens raised in open cages.

Improvement Performans of Pregnant Cross Awassi Sheep using Silage Total Mixed Ration (Tmr) Feed Technology

2025-07-09T12:23:54+00:00

The effect of feeding Pakchong and Indigofera-based silage Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on the production performance of pregnant Cross Awassi sheep was evaluated using 6 pregnant sheep, which were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Three sheep were allocated to the control group (P0) which was fed a conventional diet based on fresh forage and standard concentrate, while the other three were placed in the treatment group (P1) which was fed fermented silage TMR for 14 days. Each sheep received feed at 3.5% of body weight per day, with access to drinking water ad libitum. During the 30-day study, feed consumption, daily body weight gain (ADG), feed conversion (FCR), and cempe birth weight were analyzed. The results showed that feed consumption in the treatment group (10.62±1.192 kg/head/day) was higher than the control group (9.84±1.056 kg/head/day). ADG of the treatment group (1.2±0.10 kg) was higher than the control group (0.85±0.12 kg). Birth weight of cempe in the treatment group (4.08±0.769 kg) was higher than the control group (3.72±0.685 kg) with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The FCR value was lower in the treatment group (14.93) than the control group (20.24), indicating better feed efficiency. Therefore, feeding Pakchong and Indigofera-based TMR silage can improve feed efficiency, productivity, and cempe birth weight in pregnant Cross Awassi Sheep.

NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) In Vitro Digestibility of Fermented Complete Feed with Lemongrass Oil Distillation Waste

2025-06-11T10:31:54+00:00

This study aims to evaluate the potential of fermented lemongrass distillation waste as a complete feed for ruminant livestock by assessing in vitro digestibility of NDF and ADF. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, including: P0 (60% Elephant Grass + 0% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), P1 (40% Elephant Grass + 20% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), P2 (30% Elephant Grass + 30% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), P3 (20% Elephant Grass + 40% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), and P4 (0% Elephant Grass + 60% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate). The observed parameters were in vitro NDF digestibility and ADF digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences in the use of fermented lemongrass distillation waste in complete feed did not affect (P>0.05) the in vitro digestibility of NDF and ADF, with an average NDF digestibility of 69.24 ± 10.42% and an average ADF digestibility of 36.97 ± 7.18%. The results of this study conclude that lemongrass distillation waste can be utilized as an alternative fiber source in formulating complete feed for small ruminant livestock.

Utilization Factors of Groundnut Residues in the Integrated Cattle Farming System in Pujananting District Barru Regency

2025-08-14T05:58:56+00:00

This study aims to examine the utilization patterns of groundnut waste within the cattle integration system practiced by farming communities in Pujananting District, Barru Regency. The research was conducted from April to June. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews with farmer-livestock breeders. The results show that groundnut waste, such as straw and peanut shells, is widely used as an alternative feed for cattle, either directly or through fermentation processes. The use of this waste is considered capable of reducing production costs by up to 30%. Furthermore, the integration system forms a sustainable agricultural cycle, in which livestock manure is reused as organic fertilizer for groundnut crops. This study reveals that the utilization of agricultural waste holds significant potential for improving efficiency, productivity, and the economic resilience of rural farmers. In addition to enhancing the efficient use of local resources, the integration system is circular in nature, where cattle manure serves as organic fertilizer for groundnut crops, thereby strengthening the sustainability of integrated farming systems in rural areas.