JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU

The Effect of Urea Utilization Levels in the ammoniation of Banana Bunch Waste on Fiber Fractions (NDF, ADF, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin)

Vita Dwicahyani, Atun Budiman, Iman Hernaman — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Banana Bunch Waste Residue has the potential to be used as ruminant feed after undergoing the ammoniation process, which aims to improve feed quality by adding ammonia from urea. Although ALTP contains high levels of fiber, making it a good source of energy, it's high lignin content is considered a major drawback. This study aims to determine the effect of urea usage levels in ALTP ammoniation on fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). The research was conducted at the Ruminant Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Padjadjaran. This study employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 20 repetitions, where the treatment consisted of ammoniation with urea additions of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the total dry matter, with an incubation period of 21 days. The highest reduction in NDF was observed in treatment P3 at 50.91%, with the lowest ADF at 37.18%, the lowest cellulose at 27.64%, the highest hemicellulose at 13.72%, and the lowest lignin at 9.54%. In conclusion, the level of urea application significantly affects the fiber fraction content (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in ALTP ammoniation, with treatment P3 (6% urea addition) yielding the best fiber fraction values.

Land Productivity Bali Cattle Farmers Grazing with Semi-Intensive Maintenance System in Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua

Anna Mutmainah, Muh Andika Prasetia, Mirza Lena, Ahmat Endang Two Sulfiar — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the characteristics of farmers, the productivity of livestock grazing land with semi-intensive maintenance. The research was carried out in the dry season from August to September 2024 in the districts of Salawati, Sogun, Mosigin and Mayakum in Sorong Regency. A total of 60 Bali cow farmers as respondents. Indicators teh farmers were obtained based on purposive sampling and interviews while land production and carrying capacity were obtained based on Random sampling with 5 stages. The analytical model used is one-way ANOVA with the farming system as a factor. Irrigated grazing land is 80% field grass. The characteristics of farmers show a productive age with 10 years of livestock breeding experience, as well as livestock ownership of 4 to 9 heads, but the level of education is relatively low. The area of land and forage production are not significantly different from each sub-district. Meanwhile, the total forage production, fresh forage production, Proper Use Factor, dry material production and capacity from each sub-district differed significantly (P<0.05). The nutritional content of forage of dry ingredients, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber obtained an average value of 22.67±0.69%, 86.64±0.78%, 11.54±0.14%, 28.42±0.36% respectively. It was concluded that the productivity and capacity of grazing land in Sorong Regency were relatively lace in the dry season.

The Effect of Adding Sophia at Different Concentrations on the Physical and Organoleptic Quality of Cull Beef Se’i

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of adding sophia with different concentrations on the physical and organoleptic quality of se’I meat from cull beef. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications that are P0: 0%, P1: sophia with 10% alcohol concentration, P2: sophia with 12% alcohol concentration, P3: sophia with 14% alcohol concentration. The variables observed in this study were physical quality (pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss) and organoleptic quality (color, aroma, taste, tenderness). Physical quality was analyzed using ANOVA, continued with Duncan's further test to determine the differences, and organoleptic quality values were determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test, then continued with the Mann-Whitney test to determine the differences. The results showed that the addition of sophia with different concentrations had a significant effect (P<0.05) on pH, Water Holding Capacity, and taste, and it had no significant effect (P>0.05) on cooking loss, aroma, color, and tenderness. The conclusion: Sophia used with an alcohol concentration of up to 14% can reduce the average pH, Water Holding Capacity, and taste of se’i meat from cull beef. However, the use of sophia with an alcohol concentration of up to 14% does not affect the cooking loss, color, aroma, and tenderness of the se’i meat from cull beef.

Quality of Frozen Landrace Pig Sperm in Modified Citrate Extender with Watermelon Juice at Different Ethylene Glycol Levels

Maria Magdalena Nono, Petrus Kune, Yustiany Yuliana Bette, Thomas Mata Hine — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of frozen Landrace boar semen in watermelon juice with various concentrations of ethylene glycol in a citrate extender. Fresh semen from four 2–3-year-old Landrace boars was collected using the gloved-hand method, evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, and then diluted in a base extender. The semen was stored at 24–25°C for 2 hours and centrifuged (3000 rpm, 15 minutes). The sperm pellet was rediluted (1:1) and supplemented with ethylene glycol at concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. The mixture was homogenized, placed into test tubes, aliquoted into 0.5 mL straws, equilibrated at 3–5°C, frozen over liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes, and stored at approximately -196°C for 24 hours. The results showed that different concentrations of ethylene glycol had no significant effect on frozen semen quality. It was concluded that variations in ethylene glycol concentration in the modified citrate–watermelon juice extender did not produce significantly different results.

Potential Use of Sand Goby (Butis amboinensis) Fish Waste in Local Duck Diets and Its Impact on Internal Egg Quality

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study to assess the potential of sand goby (Butis amboinensis) fish waste as a feed ingredient in local duck diets and its effects on internal egg quality. The parameters evaluated were egg weight, yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four dietary treatments and three replicates, using 16-month-old local ducks with an average body weight of 1.5 kg. The treatments consisted of R0 (basal diet without sand goby fish waste), R1 (basal diet + 5%), R2 (basal diet + 10%), and R3 (basal diet + 15%). The results showed that different inclusion levels of sand goby fish waste significantly affected egg weight (P<0.05. Although ratios with increasing levels of gabus pasir fish waste led to higher yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit values, these differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, sand goby fish waste has potential as a feed ingredient in local duck diets up to 15%, but its effect on improving internal egg quality was not yet optimal.

The Effect of Cutting Age on Biomass Product and Nutritional Content of Odot Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) in the 7th Regrowth

Charlos Mboy, Gustaf Oematan, Grace Maranatha — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of cutting age on biomass production and nutrient content of odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) in the 7th regrowth. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 4 replicates. Namely, P1: cutting age of 30 days, P2: cutting age of 60 days, P3: cutting age of 90 days. The variables studied in this research were plant height, leaf length, dry matter production, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on plant height, leaf length, dry matter production, DM content, OM, CP, and CF of odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). The Duncan test results showed that P1 was not significantly different (P>0.05) from P2 but was significantly different (P<0.01) from P3 in terms of plant height, dry matter production, DM content, OM, and CF. However, P1 was significantly different (P<0.01) from P2 and P3 in terms of leaf length and CP. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the best cutting age is 90 days because the biomass production obtained is high and 30 days for the highest nutritional content.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of the Sembada Village Cooperative Unit Partnership in Kemiri Village

Toriq Aulia Rahman, Sri Tjondro Winarno, Dita Atasa — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Partnerships between dairy farmers and cooperatives play an important role in supporting business sustainability, but are constrained by capital, participation, and market access. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the effectiveness of partnerships between farmers and the Sembada Cooperative in Kemiri Village, Puspo District, Pasuruan Regency. Using a quantitative approach, primary data were collected through questionnaires administered to 85 dairy farmer respondents who were cooperative partners. The collected data were then analyzed using the SEM-PLS method to test the relationship between latent variables. The results showed that farmer participation, partnership performance, assistance, and market access had a significant positive effect on effectiveness, with participation being the dominant factor. Access to capital had a negative and insignificant effect because the p-value was 0.051. This confirms that the success of partnerships depends not only on institutional support but also on the active involvement of farmers. This study emphasizes the importance of improving cooperative management, mentoring, and financial assistance for business sustainability.

Consumer Preferences in Purchasing Broiler Chicken Meat at Tanjung Anyar Traditional Market Mojokerto City

Gilang Amanda Puspanegara, Nuriah Yuliati, Risqi Firdaus Setiawan — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the purchasing preferences for broiler chicken in the traditional markets of Mojokerto City. This study aims to describe consumer characteristics and analyze consumer preferences regarding the attributes of broiler chicken products. This qualitative research was conducted in May-June 2025 at the Tanjung Anyar Traditional Market, Mojokerto City. A non-probability sample, conducted randomly, was used for the determination of the sample location. 97 respondents who were randomly encountered and willing to participate were used for the sample determination. Conjoint analysis for consumer preferences and descriptive analysis for consumer characteristics were used to analyze the data. Based on the research results, broiler chicken consumers at the Tanjung Anyar Traditional Market in Mojokerto City are predominantly women aged 31-42 years with a high school education, working as private employes, with an income of Rp. 1,600,000-Rp. 3,000,000.. The most preferred combination of attributes by consumers is chicken meat priced at <Rp. 30,000, with a reddish-white color, and the breast part. The impact of this preference analysis research is expected to help producers and traders understand consumer needs and desires, thereby increasing the competitiveness of broiler chicken products in the Tanjung Anyar Market, Mojokerto City.

The Effect of Cutting Age on the Growth, Biomass Production, and Nutrient Content of Biograss (Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Biograss) at the Seventh Regrowth

Grajilia Sawi, Markus Miten Kleden, Gusti Ayu Yudiwati Lestari, Gustaf Oematan — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of cutting age on biomass production and nutrient content of Biograss elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Biograss) at the seventh cutting. The method used in this study was experimental (trial) with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were UP30= cutting age 30 days, UP60 = cutting age 60 days, UP90 = cutting age of 90 days. The study results showed that the highest fresh biomass production was at UP90 days, which was 54.09 tons/ha, the highest dry matter production was at UP 90 days, which was 26.10 tons/ha, the highest BK content was at UP 90 days, which was 24.37%, the highest BO content at 60 days was 84.91%, the highest PK content at 30 days was 12.52%, and the highest SK content at 90 days was 25.33%. The results of statistical equation analysis showed that the cutting age treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the biomass production and nutrient content of Biograss elephant grass. The conclusion of this study is that the highest biomass production was found at a cutting age of 90 days and the highest nutrient content was found at a cutting age of 30 days.

The Effect of Faloak Bark Extract (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) in Drinking Water on Primal Cuts of Broiler Chicken Carcasses

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the effect of additional faloak bark extract in broiler chicken drinking water on broiler chicken carcass primal cuts. The study design used was a completely randomized design which included 4 treatments 5 replications and each replication included 5 chickens. The treatments in question were: P0 (Drinking water without treatment), P1 (0.25% faloak bark extract / L drinking water) and P2 (0.30 faloak bark extract / L drinking water), P3 (0.35% faloak bark extract / L drinking water). The variables studied were the percentage of breast, thigh, wing, and back to determine the difference if the treatment had a significant effect then the data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's further test. The results of this study indicate that the addition of faloak bark extract up to 0.35%/L of broiler chicken drinking water did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the periphery of broiler chicken carcass cuts where the percentage of breast (0.85), thigh (0.29), wing (0.75), and back (0.71). Conclusion: the administration of faloak bark extract up to 0.35%/L of broiler chicken drinking water did not have a significant effect on the periphery of carcass cuts.

Different Glycerol Levels in Citrate Diluent on the Quality of Landrace Boar Frozen Semen

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the quality of frozen semen of Landrace pigs with egg yolk citrate diluent (S-KT) accompanied by variations in glycerol (G) concentration. The study sample was obtained from four Landrace pig males aged between 2 and 3 years old with fresh cement conditions. This study was designed experimentally using a complete random design (RAL) consisting of four treatments, each treatment repeated 4 times. The division of treatment is as follows: P1 = S-KT + G 4%, P2 = S-KT + G 7%, P3 = S-KT + G 10%, and P4 = S-KT + G 13%. Then, sperm motility, viability, and abnormality parameters, and Recovery rate (RR) parameters were tested. The results showed that the difference in glycerol levels did not have a significant effect on spermatozoa motility, viability, or abnormalities (P>0.05). Notably, the best viability was at P1 = 28.83%, 52.91%, and the highest recovery rate was obtained at 4% glycerol treatment, while the lowest abnormality was at 13%. In conclusion, the glycerol variation in the S-KT diluent has not been effective for artificial insemination applications (AI).

Microbiological Characteristics of Sui Wu’u Beef on Different Types of Bamboo

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the influence of different types of bamboo on microbiological characteristics and pH values in sui wu'u beef fermented products. The study used a Complete Random Design (CRD) with a 3 x 4 pattern. The treatment consisted of three types of bamboo: P1 bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus asper), P2 bamboo talang (Schizostachyum brachycladum), and P3 bamboo gembong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea). The parameters observed included Total Plate Count (TPC), the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and pH values. The results showed that gembong bamboo produced the highest amount of TPC (2.8 x 10⁹ CFU/g), followed by betung bamboo (1.5 x 10⁹ CFU/g), and the lowest was talang bamboo (4.5 x 10⁸ CFU/g). No S. aureus contamination was found in any of the samples. However, all treatments showed E. coli levels that exceeded the SNI 7388:2009 threshold (<3 MPN/g). The type of bamboo also had a significant influence on the pH value (P<0.05), where talang bamboo produced the highest pH (6.98 ± 1.07b), while betung and gembong bamboo had a lower pH (5.45 ± 0.43a and 5.75 ± 0.49a). Thus, the type of bamboo can affect the number of microbes and the acidity of the product, but it has not been able to significantly suppress E. coli contamination. This research provides an important reference in the selection of safe and effective natural fermentation media for beef-based products.

Growth Response and Crude Protein Content of Red Napier Grass Given Cow Urine and Cichorium intybus L. Root based POC

Fadhila Unsa, Mohamad Haris Septian, Tri Puji Rahayu — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Making organic fertilizer (POC) using the composting method requires a good combination of elements to improve nutrient quality. Cow urine and Chicorium intybus L. roots as carbon and nitrogen sources are an important combination in making POC, which is considered to stabilize the C/N ratio, so that the composting process occurs perfectly and helps support the growth process of red napier monkeys. The goal is to obtain maximum results related to the growth response and PK content of red napier by administering POC based on cow urine and Chicorium intybus L. roots. The design used was RAL with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0 (0 ml POC + 100 ml water/stem), P1 (10 ml POC + 90 ml water/stem), P2 (20 ml POC + 80 ml water/stem), P3 (30 ml POC + 70 ml water/stem). The parameters were growth response and CP. Based on research, cow urine-based and chicory root-based POC affected growth response and PK content of red napier grass, P3 13,65% being the best treatment, marked by the highest average value.

The Effect of Providing Fermented Tofu Dump in Rations on the Performance of KUB Chickens

Galih Budiantoro, Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono, Muhammad Husein — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research was intended to examine the influence of adding fermented tofu waste to the diet on the performance of KUB native laying hens. A total of 48 five-month-old KUB hens were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: P0 (100% commercial feed), P1 (95% commercial feed + 5% fermented tofu waste), and P2 (90% commercial feed + 10% fermented tofu waste), each with four replications. Parameters observed included feed intake (FI), hen day production (HDP), egg weight, egg mass (EM), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results indicated that the addition of 10% fermented tofu waste (P2) significantly (P<0.05) reduced FI compared to P0, while significantly increasing HDA, egg weight, and EM (P<0.05). However, FCR values increased in P2, indicating lower feed efficiency. Overall, incorporating up to 10% fermented tofu waste in the diet improved egg production and egg weight, although further optimization of feed efficiency is required.

Organoleptic Characteristics of Green Pellet Concentrate Made from Indigofera, Turi, and Lamtoro

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Majene Regency has natural resources that support goat farming, one of which is increased productivity by providing concentrate feed. The use of tree legumes such as Indigofera, turi, and lamtoro in the form of Green pellet concentrate can provide an adequate source of protein and fiber while reducing dependence on conventional concentrates. This study aims to analyze the organoleptic test of Green pellet concentrate with different levels of Indigofera, Turi, and Lamtoro. The research design consists of 4 treatments × 4 replicates, namely P1 (30% Indigofera + 30% turi + 30% lamtoro), P2 (60% Indigofera + 0% turi + 30% lamtoro), P3 (30% Indigofera + 60% turi + 0% lamtoro), and P4 (0% Indigofera + 30% turi + 60% lamtoro). The results showed that the formulation significantly affected color and texture, with P3 showing superior physical quality. Meanwhile, the aroma and presence of fungi were relatively uniform across treatments, indicating that the pellet product was stable, safe, and suitable for use as feed for Peranakan Etawa goats. Green pellet concentrate, with a composition of 30% Indigofera, 60% Turi, and 0% Lamtoro, is the best formulation based on organoleptic testing, offering the best color and texture.

Case Study: The Effect of Age on the Quantity and Quality of Fresh Semen from Belgian Blue Bulls at BBIB Singosari

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to analyse the quantity and quality of fresh semen from Belgian Blue males at different ages. The sample used was a Belgian Blue male with records of fresh semen collection at ages 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 years. The variables observed included concentration, volume, pH, motility, and abnormalities. Data analysis was performed statistically using ANOVA, followed by the DMRT test. The results indicated that the concentration, volume, and motility of fresh semen showed significant differences (P<0.05). The highest concentration values occurred at ages 4, 6, and 7 years (1,131.2 million/ml, 1,147.9 million/ml, and 1,152.6 million/ml), the highest volume at age 6 years (5.51 ml), and the highest motility at age 3 years (80.93%). The pH and sperm abnormalities in fresh semen showed no significant differences (P>0.05). It can be concluded that age affects the quantity and quality of fresh semen in Belgian Blue males. Sperm concentration increases progressively up to 7 years of age. Similarly, fresh semen volume increases progressively up to 6 years of age, while the best sperm motility quality occurs at 3 years of age.

Comparison of Macroscopic and Microscopic Quality Garut Sheep at Different Collection Times

Assyifa Tunur, Tati Rohayati, Tendy Kusmayadi — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Garut sheep are a superior breed of sheep with prolific traits and environmental endurance, which are important to preserve and offer significant potential for development. Efforts to improve the genetic quality of Garut sheep, through natural mating methods using superior bulls (contest champions), have become an increasingly popular choice among breeders. This study aims to determine the best collection time to obtain optimal macroscopic and microscopic quality of Garut sheep semen. The study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments (collection times: morning, afternoon, evening) and six replications (6 sheep). The observed parameters were macroscopic (volume, pH, consistency, color, odor) and microscopic (motility, abnormality, and mortality). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level. The study concluded that the timing of semen collection affects the volume, consistency, color, motility, abnormalities, and mortality of spermatozoa, but does not affect the pH or odor of the semen. Semen collected in the morning yielded the best quality, with a volume of 0.9 ml, motility of 89.2%, abnormalities of 11%, and mortality of 10.4%, compared to samples collected in the afternoon and evening.

Factors Affecting the Growth of the Beef Cattle Farming Business in Kediri Regency

Reva Septia Astriana, Nuriah Yuliati, Noor Rizkiyah — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The growth of the beef cattle farming business plays an important role in strengthening food security and the rural economy. Several factors affecting this growth need to be analyzed to support the development policy of the livestock subsector. This study aims to analyze the influence of regional budget allocation, livestock population, and productivity on the growth of the beef cattle farming business in Kediri Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis with time series data, equipped with classical assumption tests as well as partial and simultaneous tests. The type of data used includes secondary data in the form of time series data. The results showed that the three independent variables had a simultaneous significant effect on business growth, with a determination coefficient value (R²) of 31.8%. Partially, livestock productivity has the most dominant influence, followed by population and regional budgets. The conclusion of this study shows that improving technical efficiency and fiscal policy support has a strategic role in driving the growth of livestock businesses. The implications of this study lead to the need for synergy between increasing productivity, strengthening the population, and optimizing the budget in the context of sustainable beef cattle farming development.

Quality of Frozen Landrace Boar Semen in Tris-Modified Carrot Juice Extender with Cryoprotectant Addition at Different Equilibration Times

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different equilibration times on the quality of frozen Landrace boar semen using a Tris extender modified with carrot juice and the addition of a cryoprotectant. Fresh semen was collected from four healthy Landrace boars aged 2–3 years. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four equilibration time treatments (1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and five replications. The observed parameters included motility, viability, abnormality, and recovery rate (RR). The results showed that the variation in equilibration time did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on any of the observed parameters. However, the 1-hour equilibration time yielded a higher average value compared to the other treatments. It was concluded that a 1-hour equilibration time in the carrot juice-modified Tris extender with the addition of ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant provided numerically better frozen semen quality, although it was not statistically different.

Potential Use of Clove Leaf Essential oil as a Teat dipping Solution Based on Antimicrobial Activity against Mastitis-Causing microorganism

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy cows, causing significant economic losses due to decreased milk production and increased treatment costs. Mastitis prevention is commonly performed through teat dipping using synthetic antiseptics such as povidone iodine; however, their use may leave residues and induce microbial resistance. Clove leaf (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil contains eugenol, which possesses antimicrobial activity, and therefore has potential as a natural alternative for teat dipping solutions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of clove leaf essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae through inhibition zone and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10%, and 10% povidone iodine) and three replications. The inhibition zone test showed that inhibition diameter increased with higher concentrations, with the 10% treatment producing the largest inhibition against all tested microorganisms. The MIC values of clove leaf essential oil were 0.31% (v/v) for S. aureus and E. coli, and 0.156% (v/v) for C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, which were lower than those of povidone iodine (2.5% and 1.25%, respectively). These results indicate that 10% clove leaf essential oil exhibits greater antimicrobial effectiveness compared to 10% povidone iodine and has potential as a safer natural alternative for teat dipping to prevent mastitis. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm its effectiveness under field conditions.

The Effect of a Feed Combination of Tofu Dregs and Cabbage on the Growth and Protein Content of Maggot (Hermetia illucens)

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effect of a feed combination of tofu dregs and cabbage on the growth and protein content of Hermetia illucens maggots. The experiment was conducted for 14 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications: P1 (100% tofu dregs), P2 (75% tofu dregs : 25% cabbage), P3 (50% tofu dregs : 50% cabbage), P4 (25% tofu dregs : 75% cabbage), and P5 (100% cabbage). Observed parameters included weight gain, body length, body thickness, feed consumption, specific growth rate (SGR), waste reduction index (WRI), crude protein content, and moisture content. The results showed that P3 produced the highest weight gain (0.04 g) and body thickness (2.76 mm). The longest body length was observed in P4 (12.2 mm). The highest feed consumption occurred in P3 and P4 (94%), followed by P5 (92%), P1 (91%), and P2 (90%). The highest SGR was found in P3 (7.85%), and the lowest in P2 (5.79%). P3 and P4 also had the highest WRI values (6.71%). The highest crude protein content was found in P1 (26.91%), while P5 showed the lowest protein (16.44%) and highest moisture (64.94%). ANOVA results showed no significant differences among treatments (P > 0.05), but descriptively, P3 performed best in supporting maggot growth and nutritional quality.

Case Study: Cumulative Feed Consumption and Body Weight Gain of Broiler Chicken on the Upper and Lower Floors

Pramestika Nur Khasanah, Bambang Hartoyo, Nu'man Hidayat — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Broiler chickens are meat-producing poultry characterized by low feed conversion rates. One of the factors influencing broiler farming is housing management. Farmers commonly use closed house systems with a multi-level design (upper and lower floors), which are assumed to affect cumulative feed intake and body weight gain. This study aimed to determine the differences in cumulative feed intake and body weight gain of broiler chickens reared on the upper and lower floors of a closed house system. Methods. The research used an observational method with a 28-day rearing period. A sample of 10% of the population was taken, representing 1,900 Cobb-strain broiler chickens per floor, selected at random. Observed variables included cumulative feed consumption and body weight gain. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software with a t-test statistical approach. Results. The results showed that cumulative feed intake and body weight gain of broiler chickens on the upper and lower floors were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The multi-level closed house system did not affect feed consumption and weight gain in broiler chickens, indicating that multi-level cages can be used as a solution to limited space without affecting chicken performance.

Case Study: Risk Analysis of the Dairy Cow Milk Supply Chain in UD. Kampoeng Ternak, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency

Akbar Satriya Indrawan, Noor Rizkiyah, Gyska Indah Harya — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Dairy milk supply chain activities consist of various elements, namely dairy farmers as suppliers, the processing industry (manufacturers), dairy milk sellers (distributors or retailers), and consumers. Each of these elements has a risk of decreasing the quality of cow's milk products, so prevention efforts are needed to avoid unexpected quality deterioration. One of the dairy farms in Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, that milks, processes, and markets its own products is UD Kampoeng Ternak. During the supply chain activities at UD Kampoeng Ternak, several risks are faced, such as disease attacks on dairy cows, damage to the quality of cow's milk, and damage to processed cow's milk products, which greatly impact operational cost losses, potential decreases in sales of processed cow's milk products, and damage to consumer confidence in UD Kampoeng Ternak. Risks that occur in one network will affect other networks, resulting in multiple potential losses that impact the performance of the entire supply chain. This study aims to determine the risk events and risk agents and to design mitigation strategies to handle dairy milk supply chain risks at UD Kampoeng Ternak. Data analysis uses the House of Risk (HOR) phase 1, the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR), and the Pareto Diagram. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are 18 risk events and 17 risk causes or risk agents in the overall business process activities of the dairy milk business at UD Kampoeng Ternak.

Feasibility Analysis of the Balitbangtan Superior Free-Range Chicken Farming Business in the Jago Karah Farm Community, Surabaya

Nia Amalia, Sri Widayanti, Mirza Andrian Syah — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the Gallus gallus domesticus farming business at the Jago Karah Farm (JKF) Community in Surabaya, based on market and marketing, technical, environmental, and financial aspects. JKF is part of an urban farming initiative with significant potential to supply animal protein. Still, it faces challenges such as limited technology, high feed costs, and a narrow marketing reach. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze the market, technical, and environmental aspects, and a quantitative approach using income analysis and the R/C Ratio for the financial aspect. The results show that, in terms of market and marketing, JKF has established clear market segmentation and implements a solid marketing mix strategy. Technically, the business is categorized as micro-scale and has begun adopting technology, although not uniformly. The environmental aspect is considered feasible, as the farm does not produce unpleasant odors and properly manages waste. Financially, the Gallus gallus domesticus farming business is generally profitable, with an average income of IDR 4,069,888 and an R/C Ratio of 1.7.

Fermentability and Degradability of Sheep Ration Containing Sengon Leaves (Albizia falcataria), Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and Teak Leaves (Tectona grandis)

Istiqomah Galuh Hayuning Aninditya, Iman Hernaman, Budi Ayuningsih — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The challenge of providing high-quality and affordable feed for sheep necessitates the use of locally available feed resources with high nutritional value. This study investigated the in vitro fermentability and degradability of sheep rations containing jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), sengon (Albizia falcataria), and teak (Tectona grandis) leaves. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three dietary treatments and six replications was applied: P1 = 30% jackfruit leaves + 70% Odot grass, P2 = 30% sengon leaves + 70% Odot grass, and P3 = 30% teak leaves + 70% Odot grass. The in vitro method followed Tilley and Terry (1969). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. All observed parameters were significantly affected (P < 0.05), including total volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia (NH₃) concentration, dry matter degradability (DMD), and organic matter degradability (OMD). The P1 treatment yielded the highest results: VFA (170.74 mM), NH₃ (6.46 mM), DMD (62.87%), and OMD (58.52%). These findings suggest that jackfruit leaves have strong potential as an alternative feed ingredient for improving the fermentation characteristics and digestibility of sheep rations.

Effect of Fermentation Time on the Physical Quality of Sweet Potato Leaf Silage (Ipomoea batatas L.) Fermented Using Rumen Liquid Starter

Nautus Stivano Dalle, Anjelus Jehanu, Maria Apriliana Ade Karlina — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Silage is one of the most widely used forage preservation methods to maintain the availability of quality feed throughout the year. Sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) have considerable potential as silage raw material due to their abundant availability and reasonably good nutritional content. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation duration using rumen fluid as a starter on the physical quality of sweet potato leaf silage. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four fermentation duration treatments, namely 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, each with four replications. Physical quality parameters observed included pH, color, aroma, texture, and the presence of mold in the silage. The results showed that fermentation for 7 to 14 days produced an optimal pH ranging from 3.63 to 4.13, indicating a well-progressing lactic acid fermentation process. During this period, the silage retained its natural green color, exhibited a typical fermentation sour aroma, and had a soft, non-slimy texture. In contrast, fermentation for 21 days demonstrated a decline in physical quality, characterized by an increase in pH to 5.75, discoloration to a dark brownish color, the emergence of a putrid, sour odor, an overly mushy texture, and uncontrolled mold growth. These conditions indicate the occurrence of secondary fermentation that is detrimental to silage quality. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the optimal fermentation duration for sweet potato leaf silage using rumen fluid as a starter is 7 to 14 days, as it produces silage with good physical characteristics, an ideal pH value, and controlled mold growth.

Analysis of the Farmer Exchange Rate for Dairy Cow Milk in Kemiri Village, Puspo District, Pasuruan Regency

Al Hisyam Nurussyahban, Sri Widayanti, Ika Sari Tondang — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The dairy cattle farming sector is an important subsector in supporting food security and providing nutrition for the Indonesian people. The analysis of the Farmers' Terms of Trade in the livestock sector is believed to be able to determine the purchasing power of farmers in the livestock sector, reflecting the balance between income and expenses incurred for production needs and household consumption of farmers. This research aims to determine the farmer-to-livestock exchange rate for dairy cows in Kemiri Village, Puspo District, Pasuruan Regency, to assess the level of welfare and the effectiveness of livestock farming in the area. Sampling was conducted using the simple random sampling method with 80 respondents. The data analysis method is quantitative descriptive, analyzing the income and expenses of dairy farmers and the exchange rate of farm households. The research results show that the average total income from milk earned by farmers is Rp 36,902,513 per year. Meanwhile, the average household expenditure of farmers reaches Rp 21,497,438 per year. Therefore, farmers still earn a net income of Rp 15,405,075 per year. The Terms of Trade for Livestock Farmers in Kemiri Village ranged from 86–231% with an average of 137%, indicating that the majority of dairy farmers were prosperous (>100). Out of 80 farmers. Thus, it can be concluded that most dairy farms in Kemiri Village are considered prosperous.

Internet of Things (IoT) Integration in Precision Livestock Farming: Innovation Towards Data-Driven Livestock and Animal Welfare

Aghneo Amar Ahsan, Irfan Fadhlurrohman — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing global demand for livestock products requires management efficiency that slower, conventional methods cannot meet. This study aims to synthesize the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for monitoring livestock health and behavior within the Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) framework. The method used is a literature review of 50 relevant scientific articles from 2019 to 2025, focusing on sensor technology, system architecture, applications, benefits, and existing challenges. The synthesis results show that wearable devices with temperature and motion sensors are effective for early disease detection, reproduction optimization, and behavioral analysis. This study confirms the transformative potential of IoT in the livestock industry but also identifies key challenges such as battery life, connectivity in rural areas, and implementation costs. Further research is needed to develop more energy-efficient and affordable solutions to encourage broader adoption.

Giving Chromolaena odorata as Herbal Feed Additive in Commercial Feed to Improve Immunity of Broilers

Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chromolaena odorata leaves have potential as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler chickens due to their protein, fiber, fat, and energy content, which can influence growth and feed efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chromolaena odorata leaf meal as a herbal feed additive on broiler performance. A total of 100 day-old chicks (DOC) with an average initial body weight of 38.4 g were reared from 8 to 30 days after a 7-day adaptation period. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications: T1 (control), T2 (5%), T3 (10%), and T4 (15%) Chromolaena odorata leaf meal. The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass production. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Results showed a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on performance and carcass yield. Feed consumption remained relatively stable, while body weight gain and carcass production decreased at higher inclusion levels. Meanwhile, FCR showed a slight improvement. In conclusion, Chromolaena odorata leaf meal can be included up to 5% in broiler diets without negatively affecting performance, making it a feasible alternative feed ingredient.

Review: Effects of Moringa oleifera-Derived Prebiotics on Gut Health and Physiological Responses in Broiler Chickens

Teresia Yoanista Wendardins Ranus, Frans Umbu Datta, Yulfia Nelymalik Selan — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This literature review aims to summarize scientific evidence on the effects of Moringa oleifera-derived prebiotics on gut health and physiological responses in broiler chickens. A systematic search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on experimental and observational studies published over the last ten years. The reviewed literature indicates that Moringa oleifera, particularly its leaf polysaccharide fraction (Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharides/MOLP), exerts its primary biological effects through prebiotic mechanisms rather than direct antimicrobial activity. Non-digestible polysaccharides and soluble fibers are selectively utilized by beneficial gut microbiota, leading to increased populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides, suppression of pathogenic bacteria, enhanced short-chain fatty acid production, and improved intestinal morphology and gut barrier integrity. These microbiota-mediated effects contribute to improved immune regulation, antioxidant capacity, and hematological and metabolic profiles, ultimately resulting in better growth performance and feed efficiency. Overall, the available evidence supports the classification of Moringa oleifera as a prebiotic-like functional feed additive with strong potential for application in antibiotic-free and sustainable poultry production systems.