JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU

Protein Efficiency Ratio of Broiler Chicken Given Microencapsulated Fermented Pangasius Waste Extract Added Feed

Adjeng Sephiani, Abun, Denny Rusmana — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Organic waste such as fish waste can be an innovative ingredient that improve the performances of broiler chickens. This research aims to analyze how microencapsulated fermented pangasius waste extract (MFPWE) affects protein efficiency ratio. This research used the experimental method in the form of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications to obtain 20 units. Each unit was placed with 4 chickens. The treatments given consisted of P0: control group, P1: 99,5% control ration + 0,5% MFWPE, P2: 99% control ration + 1% MFPWE, P3: 98,5% control ratio + 1,5% MFPWE, P4: 98 % control ration + 2% MFPWE. The obtained data were analyzed applying One Way ANOVA and the difference of each treatment were proved by using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that MFPWE added feed significantly affected (P<0,05) the feed intake, protein intake, and body weight gain, but not significantly affected (P>0,05) the protein efficiency ratio. The highest values of each variable were feed intake 2634,88 ± 110,04 g/head; protein intake 802,20 ± 33,5 g/head; and body weight gain 1485,28 ± 70,84 g/head The broilers fed with MFPWE 2% resulted the most optimal value of feed intake, protein intake and body weight gain. In conclusion, the use of microencapsulated fermented pangasius waste extract can optimize the feed intake, protein intake, and body weight gain of broiler chickens.

The Effect of Fermented Palm Kernel Meal Using Candida utilis on Egg Productivity, Fertility Rate, Hatchability, and Day-Old Duck Weight

Nurkha Santri, Muh Andika Prasetia, Andi Iksan, Rini Angriani — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Candida utilis-fermented palm kernel cake (PKC) incorporated at varying inclusion rates in the diet on reproductive and hatchery performance indicators, including egg production, fertility, hatchability, and day-old duckling (DOD) weight. A total of 45 ducks and 144 eggs were utilized, arranged into three dietary treatments with three replicates each. The treatment groups consisted of P0 (0% fermented PKC), P1 (10%), and P2 (20%) as a proportion of the total feed. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed for experimental layout, and data were subjected to ANOVA. Further pairwise comparisons were performed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test if significant differences emerged. Although statistical analysis indicated no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments for all measured parameters, a downward trend in performance was evident with increasing levels of fermented PKC. Egg production for P0, P1, and P2 was recorded at 71.62%, 72.13%, and 63.02%, respectively. Fertility percentages followed a similar trend, with 91.60% for P0, 89.50% for P1, and 81.20% for P2. Hatchability rates decreased from 23.75% in P0 to 17.17% in P1 and 12.69% in P2. Interestingly, the highest DOD weight was observed in P1 (42.20 g), while P0 and P2 yielded 36.30 g and 38.65 g, respectively.

Economic Feasibility of Cattle Slaughtering Business at Surya Slaughterhouse Surabaya

Abdullah, Teguh Soedarto, Ida Syamsu Roidah — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The beef beef slaughter business has an important role in supporting the beef supply chain in urban areas. However, its economic feasibility needs to be analyzed to ensure business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of slaughtering beef cattle at the Surya Slaughterhouse, Surabaya City. The methods used include quantitative analysis of operational costs, revenue, revenue, and calculation of business feasibility ratios using Revenue Cost Ratio and Benefit Cost Ratio. Data was collected through direct observation and interviews with active slaughter business actors for one month. The results of the study show that the average monthly operating costs are IDR 1,547,970 and total revenue is IDR 1,995,927, resulting in a net income of IDR 447,957. The average value of the R/C ratio of 1.288 and the B/C of 0.289 indicates that this business is economically feasible and profitable. These findings confirm that the beef cattle slaughter business at RPH Surya has positive prospects and can be further developed with a cost-efficiency strategy and market expansion. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in business decision-making and the development of beef agribusiness in urban areas.

Effect of P. kudriavzevii Tpi.06 Concentration and Fermentation Time on the Functional Properties of Duck Egg Yolk Powder

Sandi Nugraha, Andry Pratama, Lilis Suryaningsih — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Duck egg flour is one of the processed products from whole eggs through a drying process. Egg flour processing can extend shelf life without reducing its nutritional value. This study aims to determine the effect of adding P.kudriavzevii concentration and length fermentation on the yield, solubility, foaming ability, and foam stability of duck egg yolk flour. This research was conducted at the Animal Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. This study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Nested Design with P.kudriavzevii concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% at fermentation times of 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that the fermentation time had a significant effect on the yield, solubility, foaming ability, and foam stability of duck egg yolk flour. The results of the study showed that the fermentation time of 48 hours using a P.kudriavzevii concentration of 0.6% produced the best duck egg flour with a yield value of 52.35%, solubility of 84.59%, foaming ability 83.75%, and foam stability of 98.16%.

Quality of Spermatozoa Y From Sex Separation With Egg White Medium and Different Incubation Duration in Sakub Sheep

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the motility, viability, abnormality, and concentration of Y spermatozoa from sex separation of Sakub sheep. Factors consisted of egg white gradient (g₁=15:30% and g₂=20:35%) and incubation time (t₁=30, t₂=45, and t₃=60 minutes). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and then further tested with BNJ. The results showed that the interaction of treatment combinations had no significant effect (P>0.05) on motility, abnormality, and viability. Gradient had a very real effect (P<0.01) on motility and abnormality, and a real effect (P<0.05) on viability. Incubation duration had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on motility and viability, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on abnormality. The highest motility value in g₁ 70±8.64% and t₁ 70.67±6%, the lowest abnormality g₂ 10.83±2.48% and t₁10.67±3%, and the highest viability g₁ 70.33±15.05% and t₂ 72.00±8.50%. There is an interaction of treatment combinations with a significant effect (P<0.05) on the concentration of Y spermatozoa with the highest concentration in g₁t₃, namely 1530.00 ± 149.89 10⁶/ml. The conclusion is that high motility and viability can be obtained by separation respectively in g₁ and t₁ to t₂, the lowest abnormality in g₂ and t₁. The highest concentration of live spermatozoa in g₁t₃.

Identification of Endoparasitic Worms in The feces of Dairy Goats at Wayang Dairy Farm Pangalengan District Bandung Regency

Ana Nabila, Ellin Harlia, Endah Yuniarti — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Endoparasitic worm infections in dairy goats can reduce productivity and health, leading to economic losses for farmers. Environmental conditions and management practices such as sanitation, feeding, and anthelmintic treatment schedules influence the level of parasite infestation. This study aimed to identify the types of endoparasitic worms found in the feces of dairy goats, determine the prevalence rate of infection, and quantify the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces at Wayang Dairy Farm. A total of 59 dairy goats were sampled, with fresh fecal samples collected in the morning. The examination was performed using the flotation method, and EPG was calculated using the Whitlock method. The results showed that the identified helminths belonged to the Nematoda group (Trichuris sp., Strongyloides sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Ostertagia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Capillaria sp., Haemonchus sp.) and Cestoda (Moniezia sp.). The infection prevalence reached 50.8%, with the highest EPG value recorded at 83.08 eggs/gram and considerable variation among individual samples. These findings indicate that worm infestation remains a health concern in dairy goats at the study site. Improved management practices, including enhanced housing sanitation, regulated feeding, and comprehensive anthelmintic programs, are recommended to reduce the risk of parasitic infections.

The Role of Honey in Semen Extenders; Its Impact on Sperm Quality of Landrace and Duroc Crossbred Boars

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Honey as an additional ingredient in semen extenders of Landrace and Duroc crossbred boars has the potential to maintain spermatozoa quality. This study aims to determine the effect of using honey in Tris-egg yolk (T-EY) extenders on the quality of semen of Landrace and Duroc crossbred boars. Semen was collected twice a week from one Landrace x Duroc crossbred boars aged 1.5 years. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications so that there were 25 experimental units. The treatments used in the study were T-EY extenders added with honey with different concentrations T0 = T-EY + 0% honey, T1 = T-EY + 0.5% honey, T2 = T-EY + 1.0% honey, T3 = T-EY + 1.5% honey, T4 = T-EY + 2.0% honey. The treated semen was stored in styrofoam box at temperature of 15-20^oC. Evaluation of motility, viability, abnormality and survival of spermatozoa was carried out every 12 hours until motility was 40%. The collected data were analyzed using Analycis of Variance and continued with duncan's advanced test. The results of the study up to the 72^nd hour of preservation showed that the T3 treatment produced higher quality boar semen and was significantly different from T0 and T4 (P <0.05), but not significantly different from T1 and T2 (P>0.05). The quality of spermatozoa at 72 hours of preservation had a motility value of 47.80%, viability of 65.70%, abnormality of 6.10% and survival of 75.20 hours. This study concluded that the addition of 1.5% honey to the Tris-egg yolk extenders (T3) was the best extenders in maintaining the quality of Landrace and Duroc crossbred boars spermatozoa.

The Effect of Basil Leaf Juice Level in Tris-Egg Yolk on Motility, Viability, Abnormaliity and Life Span of Landrace-Duroc Pig Liquid Cement

Mathias Mariano Jagong, Aloysius Marawali, Yustiany Yuliana Bette — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to assess the effect of adding basil leaf juice (BLJ) with various concentrations to the tris-egg yolk (T-EY) on the motility, viability, abnormality and survival of liquid semen of Landrace-Duroc cross pigs. The study was compiled using a complete random design method (RDM) with six treatments, namely T-EY without the addition of BLJ (P0), T-EY with the addition of S BLJ of 2% (T1), 4% (T2), 6% (T3), 8% (T4), and 10% (T5), which were repeated five times, respectively. The best results were obtained in the P3 treatment (BLJ 6%) at the 48th hour with a motility of 54.00%, viability of 64.30%, abnormality of 4.80%, and a survival of 57.28 hours. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of 6% SDK to the T-EY is able to improve the quality of liquid cement of Landrace-Duroc cross pigs.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Mozzarella Cheese with the Addition of Secang Wood Extract (Caesalpinia Sappan L.)

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The physicochemical quality of mozzarella cheese is one of the important characteristics for the quality of mozzarella cheese. The addition of sappanwood extract added to mozzarella cheese is interesting. This study used cow's milk, sappanwood extract, animal rennet, citric acid, salt and a set of mozzarella cheese making tools. The research treatments were mozzarella cheese without the addition of sappanwood extract (control) (P0), P1 1%, P2 2%, P3 3%, and P4 4%. The variables measured were the level of hardness, flexibility, percentage of product, color, water content, pH, and total solids. The results of the measurement of the variable level of hardness were 379.07 g/mm2, Flexibility 95.86 mm, percentage of product 6.70%, color (WI) 75.41, water content 54.73%, pH 5.45 and total solids 45.26%. The results of the regression analysis showed that sappanwood extract had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on color and flexibility, a significant effect (P<0.05) on hardness level, pH and no significant effect (P>0.05) on water content, total solids, and product percentage.

The Effect of the Tithonia diversifolia and Panicum maximum Ratio on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and In Vitro Digestibility of Silage

Dwi Ananta, Fadilla Meidita, Nadia Rahma, Yudha Endra Pratama — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The unstable availability of forage throughout the year is a constraint in providing ruminant feed, especially during the dry season. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different mixture ratios of Tithonia diversifolia and Panicum maximum on fermentation quality, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of silage. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatment ratios: 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (Tithonia: Panicum), each replicated three times. Observed parameters included fermentation quality (pH, ammonia (NH₃) concentration, and lactic acid bacteria population), chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract), and in vitro digestibility evaluation (dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and ether extract). A Pearson correlation analysis was also conducted to determine the relationship between chemical composition and silage digestibility. Results showed that the forage mixture ratio significantly affected most observed parameters. Mixtures with a Tithonia ratio of 50% to 75% produced silage with a low pH, high protein content, and more digestible fiber. The positive relationship between nutrient content and digestibility indicates higher fermentation efficiency with a balanced composition. These findings suggest that using Tithonia as a forage mixture could potentially increase the nutritional efficiency of silage and serve as an alternative forage preservation strategy in tropical regions

The Role of Chicken Meat Vendors to the Food Security of Pontianak City

Musa Alfius, Maswadi, Dewi Kurniati — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge about food sanitation, the use of good handling techniques, and the impact of this information on the use of good handling practices by chicken meat vendors in Pontianak City's traditional markets. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 40 chicken meat kiosk traders as respondents from 78 traders in five traditional markets in Pontianak City (Flamboyan, Mawar, Kemuning, Dahlia, Teratai and Puring). The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods with SPSS 22 software. The results of the identification of food sanitation knowledge and the application of good handling practices have an average respondent response of above 4, meaning that traders have food sanitation knowledge and apply good handling practices. While the effect of food sanitation knowledge on the application of good handling practices, based on the results of the t test that the result is sig 0.00 <0.05, meaning that the higher the trader's knowledge, the higher the application of good handling practices. The conclusion is that traders have food sanitation knowledge and the application of good handling practices but not yet comprehensively and food sanitation knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the application of good handling practices.

Analysis of Nutritional and Genetic Factors on Repeated Mating Cases in Beef Cattle in Sorong Regency

Fifin Ulansari, Muh Andika Prasetia, Andi Iksan, Rini Anggriani — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the adequacy level of feed and to identify the breeds of beef cattle heifers that experience repeat breeding cases in Sorong Regency. Primary data were collected through direct interviews with beef cattle farmers in three districts: Aimas District, Mariat District, and Mayamuk District. Secondary data were obtained from the Sorong Regency Livestock Service. Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method, with a sample size representing 5% of the lowest livestock population. It was found that 7% of the medium-scale livestock population and 10% of the high-scale population experienced repeat breeding cases. The collected data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis, where the total intake of dry matter (DM), protein, and metabolizable energy (ME) was correlated with the frequency of repeat breeding. The analysis results indicated that feed consumption had no significant effect on the incidence of repeat breeding. This was reflected in the non-significant p-values: total DM (0.064ns), total ME (0.832ns), and total protein (0.181ns). However, cattle breed was found to significantly influence the occurrence of repeat breeding. In conclusion, it can be stated that in Sorong Regency, the breed of beef cattle plays a role in increasing the risk of repeat breeding among heifers, whereas the adequacy of feed intake does not show a significant correlation with this reproductive disorder.

The Effect of Various EM4 and Molasses Balances in Fermented Rice Bran Production on Their Quality

Olga Tessalonika, Iman Hernaman, Denny Rusmana — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of EM4 and molasses added to rice bran to produce fermented bran with the best value results that can be seen from parameters, such as: acidity degree / pH value, lactic acid content, dry matter loss, and Fleigh value. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Food Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University. This research was conducted experimentally using the Completely Randomized Design method with 3 treatments and 6 replications, P0 = 1 kg rice bran + 300 g molasses, P1 = 1 kg rice bran + 200 g molasses + 100 mL EM4, P2 = 1 kg rice bran + 100 molasses + 200 mL EM4. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Analysis further test. The results showed that the use of the ratio of EM4 and molasses had a significant effect on pH, lactic acid content, dry matter shrinkage, and Fleigh value on dry matter shrinkage. Giving the ratio of EM4 and molasses at P2 can produce a low pH value (4.61), high lactic acid content (18.02), low material shrinkage (3.6%), and Fleigh value (172.45). This research can conclude that the making of fermented bran with rice bran, molasses, and EM4 in the ratio of 1 kg: 100 g molasses: 200 mL EM4 produces the best ratio.

Effect of Urea Usage Rate on Ammoniation of Banana Bunch Waste Pulp on Dry Matter Digestibility Dry Matter, Organic Matter Digestibility, Ammonia, and Volatile Fatty Acids (In Vitro)

Rizal Syania, Atun Budiman, Iman Hernaman — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Banana bunch waste is an agricultural waste that comes from banana bunches after the banana fruit is harvested. Banana bunch waste can be utilized, one of which is used as animal feed. This study aims to determine the effect of the level of urea use on ammoniation of banana bunch waste pulp on KcBK, KcBO, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids (in vitro). The research was conducted on January 05 - February 05, 2025, at the Laboratory of Ruminant Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency, West Java. The method used in this research is an experimental method using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of the level of urea addition to ammoniation as P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), and P3 (6%). Data processing used analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on KcBK, KcBO, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids. The highest value was obtained in P3 treatment with 62.15% KcBK, 66.60% KcBO, and 168.24 mM of volatile fatty acids. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the processing of banana bunch waste pulp with the ammoniation technique is best using urea as much as 6%.

The Effect of Various Concentrations of Salam Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract on Duck Meat Marination on Water, Ash, Fat, and Cholesterol Levels

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Duck meat is a source of animal protein with high nutritional content. Duck meat has the disadvantage of containing higher fat and cholesterol than chicken meat, a method is needed that can help improve the quality of duck meat. One method that can be used is marinating using natural ingredients such as bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum). Bay leaves are known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which may increase the composition of meat. This study was conducted using an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design consisting of five extract concentration treatments (P0 = 0%, P1 = 5%, P2 = 10%, P3 = 15%, and P4 = 20%) with four replications. The objective was to determine the effect and the concentration of the extract that provides the best effect on water content, ash content, fat content, and cholesterol levels. If the treatment is significantly different, it is continued with the Duncan multiple range test. The result showed that marination had a significant effect on water, fat, and cholesterol levels but had no significant effect on ash content. Marinating with a concentration of 20% produces the best quality with a water content of 81.07%, ash content of 0.98%, fat content of 7.92% and cholesterol of 3.95%

Manufacturing Kefir Starter Culture from Sumbawa Horse Milk Microbes for Potentially Probiotic Drinks

Kusdianawati, Apon Zaenal Mustopa, Fatimah — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sumbawa horse milk is local fermented milk products containing lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The microbes have potential to serve as a culture starter for kefir (probiotic drinks) that have benefit patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study aims to make kefir starter culture a probiotic drink for people with type 2 DM. The microbes used as cultures were two isolates of lactic acid bacteria (SKP K.3 : Weissella confusa and SKP K.5 : Lactococcus garvieae) and yeast YGC SKL K.3 (Kazachstania humilis). The starter culture used was lactic acid bacteria 10⁷ CFU/ml and yeast 10⁶ CFU/ml (OD 600: 0.3). Lactic acid bacteria and yeast were inoculated into MRS-glucose with a ratio 1:1 and 3:1. The results of the antagonist test showed that lactic acid bacteria and yeast colonies could grow well on MRS media (5% glucose) without any dominating each other. This indicates that yeast (SKL K.3) can be combined with lactic acid bacteria (SKP K.3 and SKP K.5) as a starter culture for kefir. Kefir starters were inoculated at 0.5% volume of the cow's milk to produce kefir. This research provides initial information that can be used for future studies on the potential microbes in Sumbawa horse milk.

Effect of Roasting and Soaking on Nutrient Content and Digestibility of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seeds

Veven Raymexen Bonat, Timotius Ragga Rina — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The availability of feed, especially forage, is a crucial factor that determines the success of ruminant livestock farming. Forage is commonly used as the primary source of animal feed. However, its availability is becoming increasingly limited due to the growing human population, which necessitates the development of alternative feed sources to meet livestock nutritional needs. Tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica) have potential to be developed as an alternative livestock feed ingredient, but they require initial processing to improve their nutritional quality. This study analyzes the effect of roasting and soaking on the nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of tamarind seeds. Proximate analysis results showed that moisture content ranged from 3–35.1%, ash content from 1.97–9.68%, fat content from 5.69–9.73%, crude protein from 14.3–16.3%, crude fiber from 4.29–6.21%, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) from 29.2–60.2%. In vitro dry matter digestibility ranged from 49.7–64.82%, while organic matter digestibility ranged from 52.8–67.4%. Roasting and soaking treatments improved the nutritional quality of tamarind seeds. Roasting reduced moisture content, whereas soaking increased it. Both methods were effective in enhancing ash, fat, crude protein, and decrease nitrogen-free extract contents. Based on these results, soaking can be recommended as a suitable processing method for tamarind seeds as an alternative livestock feed ingredient.

Analysis of Broiler’s Production Performance in Semi-Closed House at Campus of POLILAMAN

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to determine the production performance of broiler chickens raised in a semi-closed house system in the Campus of Lamandau Polytechnic (POLILAMAN). Observations were conducted over 32 days with a population of 100 broiler chickens of the CP 707 strain. The research method used was observational data recording. Primary data were obtained in the form of depletion rate, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and performance index (PI). The data were analyzed descriptively. The results indicate that, based on the performance index, the performance of broilers raised in the semi-closed house at POLILAMAN campus is categorized as good.

Reduction of Ammonia Emissions and Fecal pH in Chicken Housing Through Phytobiotic Supplementation in KUB-2 Chickens

Nurfajrina, Yulia Irwina Bonewati, Herni Bustan — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing population of Balitbangtan superior native chickens (KUB-2) may cause ammonia emissions and unpleasant odors from feces, reducing the quality of the poultry house environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal-based phytobiotic supplementation on ammonia levels, fecal pH, and odor intensity in KUB-2 chickens. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P0 (control), P1 (0.25 g phytobiotics), P2 (0.50 g), and P3 (0.75 g), each with four replications and a total of 80 chickens for two months. Observed parameters included ammonia concentration, fecal pH, and odor intensity. The results showed that phytobiotic supplementation significantly reduced ammonia concentration and fecal pH. The P3 treatment achieved the best results with the lowest ammonia level (1.32 ppm), the lowest fecal pH (5.65), and the lowest odor intensity (2.78). It can be concluded that a phytobiotic dosage of 0.75 g per bird is effective in reducing ammonia emissions and improving the environmental quality of KUB-2 chicken housing.

Analysis of the Potential and Conditions of the Buffalo Business Development Area in the South Coastal Area of the Greater Manggarai Area

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study is to analyze the density of buffalo livestock in the southern coastal area of Greater Manggarai based on the calculation of Location Quotient (LQ), to analyze the factors that influence farmers in the existence of buffalo livestock. This research was conducted from December 2024 to May 2025 in the southern coastal area of Greater Manggarai spread across 7 sub-districts, namely: Lembor, South Lembor, Satar Mese, West Satar Barat, Borong, Komba City, and North Komba sub-districts. The research method used in this study was livestock density calculation, LQ analysis, and influence factor analysis using multiple linear regression with SSPS 18 as a tool. The results of the study indicate that the majority of the southern region of the Greater Manggarai area is not a base for buffalo livestock, but in terms of potential and topography, the region is very supportive from the economic, socio-cultural and traditional aspects. The results of the analysis of the potential and condition of the region and the density of buffalo livestock can be symbolized that the priority for buffalo livestock development is in the Kota Komba and Lembor Selatan sub-districts, followed by Lembor and Borong sub-districts. For the specific development of buffalo livestock commodities, based on the results of the LQ analysis, the potential base for buffalo livestock development is in the Lembor Selatan and Kota Komba sub-districts. The most dominant influencing factor in the analysis of the potential and condition of the buffalo livestock development area in the southern region of the Greater Manggarai area is the socio-cultural factor.

The Impact of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Price on Ultra High Temperature (UHT) Milk Purchase Decisions Among Urban Consumers

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Perceptions of brand strength, product quality, and pricing increasingly shape urban consumer preferences for milk. This study examines the impact of brand image, product quality, and price on the purchase decisions of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk among urban consumers in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. A quantitative approach was applied using descriptive and causal-comparative methods. A total of 150 respondents were selected through convenience sampling, and data were gathered via an online structured questionnaire. Analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that brand image, product quality, and price all have a significant and positive influence on purchase decisions. Among these, product quality has the most substantial impact, followed by brand image and price. Consumers tend to favor products that offer consistent taste, packaging, and nutritional value, aligning with their expectations. The results suggest that producers should focus on enhancing product quality and strengthening brand reputation to attract and retain consumers. This study provides practical insights for companies aiming to enhance their marketing strategies and customer engagement in competitive dairy markets, particularly in urban areas where demand for convenient, high-quality milk products is increasing.

Effect of Addition Pichia kudriavzevii TPi.06 and Length of Fermentation on pH, Water Content, and Total Yeast in Duck Egg Yolk Flour

Febryan Fajar Mukti, Andry Pratama, Lilis Suryaningsih — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Defect of duck eggs can be reduced through preservation by drying, which facilitates storage, saves costs, and extends shelf life. Egg flour is a processing alternative that maintains nutritional quality and is easy to apply. This study aims to determine the effect of Pichia kudriavzevii TPi.06 concentration and fermentation time on pH, moisture content, and yeast count in duck egg yolk powder. The method used was a completely randomized design with nested patterns with treatments of P. kudriavzevii concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% and fermentation times of 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on pH, with a range of 5.72–6.21, which was still in accordance with the quality standard (5.5–7.0). Conversely, moisture content (2.22–3.13%) and yeast count (1.06×10⁵–1.93×10⁵ CFU/g) had no significant effect (P>0.05). However, the yeast count produced still exceeded the SNI limit and did not meet microbiological safety standards. The best treatment was obtained at a concentration of 0.4% with a fermentation time of 48 hours, producing egg yolk powder with a pH of 6.21, moisture content of 2.80%, and yeast count of 1.06×10⁵ CFU/g.

Effect of CPO and Catfish Waste Oil Balance Supplemented with Lysoforte Emulsifier in The Ration Digestibility Broiler Chicken

Randy Rahman, Mansyur, Abun — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different rations crude palm oil (CPO) with catfish waste oil (MLIP) supplemented with Lysoforte emulsifier in the diet on nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The research was conducted from August to December 2024 at the Poultry, Non-Ruminant, and Animal Feed Industry Nutrition Laboratory; Mini Feedmill, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. The total of 120 day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb strain were reared for 35 days (5 weeks). The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 dietary treatments and 4 replications per treatment. The treatments consisted of: P1 (3% CPO + Lysoforte), P2 (2% CPO + 1% MLIP + Lysoforte), P3 (1.5% CPO + 1.5% MLIP + Lysoforte), P4 (1% CPO + 2% MLIP + Lysoforte), and P5 (3% MLIP + Lysoforte). The measured parameters included Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), and Crude Protein Digestibility (CPD). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if significant differences were found, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test using SPSS version 26. The results showed that the treatments significantly affected (P<0.05) DMD, OMD, and CPD. Treatment P5 (diet containing 3% MLIP + Lysoforte) resulted in the highest nutrient digestibility, yielding dry matter digestibility of 85,85%, organic matter digestibility of 86,75%, and crude protein digestibility of 88,78%.

Determinants of Indonesia’s Soybean Meal Imports: An Empirical Analysis for 1990–2022

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia’s heavy reliance on imported soybean meal (SBM) as the primary protein source in the livestock feed industry, particularly the poultry sector, has become a strategic issue for national food security. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Indonesia’s SBM imports during 1990–2022 using multiple linear regression. Secondary data from FAOSTAT included eight independent variables: chicken population, cattle population, palm kernel production, domestic soybean production, urban population, soybean seed imports, egg production, and pig population. Results show the regression model is significant, with an Adjusted R² of 0.884, indicating that 88.4% of the variation in SBM imports is explained by the variables. Chicken population and urban population have significant positive effects on SBM imports, while palm kernel production and pig population have significant negative effects. Domestic soybean production and soybean seed imports are not significant, suggesting limited substitution potential from local sources. These findings reveal that Indonesia’s feed industry remains highly dependent on imports and vulnerable to external shocks. Strategic policies are recommended, including diversifying local feed ingredients, increasing domestic soybean production, strengthening import regulations, developing local protein extraction technology, and enhancing research and feed information systems.

Quality Liquid Organic Fertilizer with Variant C/N Ratio based on Cow Urine and Cichorium Intybus L.

Angelli Ana, Mohamad Haris Septian, Tri Puji Rahayu — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

During the composting process, total carbon and nitrogen must be fulfilled calculating C/N ratio. Carbon and nitrogen will be used microorganisme as a source of energy and complement body cells. This study aims to make cow urine a POC that can be an alternative organic material and can improve the quality nutrient. Cow urine and chicory root used to make POC were made using a fermentation methode 51 days, with four treatments where each treatment was repeated five times with C/N 20, C/N 25, C/N 30, and C/N 35. The parameters in this study were nitrogen (N), phosphorus, potassium, and pH. Process this research uses kjedhal, spectrophotometry, gravimetry, and pH. The results showed that the analysis of N, P, K concentrations at the C/N ratios 20, 25, 30, and 35 is 1,75%, 1,85%, 1,95%, and 2,11. Based on analysis, highest NPK was found in C/N 35 spacifically N 1,37%, P 0,18%, and K 0,55% with a total of 2,11%. Nutrient POC is influenced by materials and the decomposing activity of microorganisms. Carbon and nitrogen are important factors in improving nutrient quality. The optimal C/N ratio for composing is 30-40. The pH with the best treatment is C/N 20, which is 6.49. The pH value is influenced by the activity of microorganisms decomposing organic materials.

Relationship between Age and Number of Family Members of Dairy Farmers with Performance of Dairy Farmers in Kuningan Regency, West Java

Sefiana Nur Restiasih, Krismiwati Muatip, Danang Nur Cahyo — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the relationship between farmers’ age and household size with the performance of dairy farmers in Kuningan Regency, West Java. The research employed a survey method involving 90 respondents, who were randomly selected from members of the Karya Nugraha Jaya Multi-Purpose Cooperative (KSU). The study areas, Cigugur and Jalaksana sub-districts, were chosen purposively. Data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires and direct field observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation. The findings indicate that the majority of dairy farmers are aged between 36 and 60 years, with an average age of 47. Most farmers have 4 to 6 family members, with an average of 4 per household. The overall performance of dairy farmers falls into the “moderate” category, with an average performance score of 72.46%. Despite this, further efforts are needed to enhance performance through extension services, training programs, peer learning, and institutional support to optimize productivity. Spearman’s correlation analysis reveals a very weak negative correlation between farmers’ age and performance, and a similarly weak positive correlation between household size and performance. These results suggest that neither variable significantly influences dairy farmers’ performance in the study area.

Effectiveness of Shallot Peel Powder (Allium ascalonicum L.) as Feed Additive on Weight and Broiler Carcass Components

Anisa Ramadhani, Osfar Sjofjan, Nadia Kania — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of shallot peel flour on the weight of broiler carcasses and carcasses. The research was carried out from July – September 2024 at the Nutrition and Animal Food Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya and in the internal cage of PT Ciomas Adisatwa. The research was carried out experimentally using a Complete Random Design with 6 treatments and 5 replicates, each experimental unit had 12 broilers so that the total number of chickens used was 360. The treatment given was P0 (+): Commercial feed, P0 (-):Commercial feed + zinc bacitracin antibiotic 0.1%, P1: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 0.25%, P2: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 0.5%, P3: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 0.75%, and P4: Commercial feed + shallot peel flour 1%. The data is analyzed using Analysis of Variance and continued using the Least Significant Different if there is a real difference. The results showed that the addition of onion peel flour had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the weight of the carcass with the best treatment obtained P3 of 1,960.40 g/head and no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight of the carcass pieces. The conclusion of this study is that shallot peel flour can be used as a ration additive to increase the weight of broiler carcasses by 0.75%.

Betaine Supplementation Enhances the Survival Rate of Japanese Quail by Modulating Intestinal Development and Reducing the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria

Luthfi Adya Pradista, Adi Ratriyanto, Sigit Prastowo, Nuzul Widyas — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the effects of betaine supplementation on the intestinal development, microbiota composition, and survival rate of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) raised in a tropical environment. A completely randomized design was employed with three treatment groups: a basal diet (Control), a basal diet supplemented with 0.12% betaine (BS), and a withdrawal group where betaine was withdrawn (BW). Results indicated that BS significantly increased the lengths of the jejunum and ileum compared to the Control (p<0.05). Furthermore, betaine supplementation significantly enhanced the birds’ survival rate, with BS exhibiting a higher survival rate (p<0.05) compared to the control (95.93% vs. 91.76%). During the withdrawal period, a higher survival rate was observed in the BW group (85.25%) compared to the Control group (79.43%). Microbiological analysis revealed that BS led to a notable reduction in the relative abundance of Clostridium perfringens (p<0.05), with values of 4.08×10⁻¹ in the control group, 1.13×10⁻³ in the BS group, and 1.96×10⁻¹ in the BW group. Betaine had no significant effect on the abundance of Escherichia coli, Clostridium spiroforme or Staphylococcus epidermidis. In conclusion, BS enhances the survival rates of Japanese quail in tropical climates by promoting intestinal development and inhibiting the growth of specific pathogenic gut bacteria.

Price Fluctuations and Market Dynamics of Chicken Meat in South Kalimantan: A Vector Autoregression Approach

Henggi Apedro, Azhar Syafiq Imanullah — Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Chicken meat is a key source of affordable protein in South Kalimantan, yet prices often swing around Ramadan and Eid. This study measures short-run market dynamics among chicken, eggs, and rice and quantifies price volatility using monthly retail data from January 2020 to December 2024. Log prices are analyzed with a cointegration test that shows no long-run relationship, followed by a vector autoregression in first differences to trace impulse responses and variance decomposition, and a simple volatility model to characterize clustering and persistence. Results show mean reversion in chicken price changes, a clear pass-through from egg prices that lifts chicken within one to two months, and a small link from rice. By twelve months, egg shocks explain about one fifth of the variation in chicken price changes. Volatility clusters but tends to decline, consistent with a mean-reverting process. These findings support short-horizon management that uses eggs as an early-warning signal before festive periods and applies time-bounded market actions to keep poultry affordable.

Blood Profile of Joper Chickens with Application of Saga Leaf Extract (Adenanthera pavonina) in Feed

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of Adenanthera pavonina (Saga) leaf extract as a feed additive on the blood profile of Joper chickens. The experimental design used in this experimental study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. A total of one hundred one-day-old Joper chickens were included in one of the experimental treatments. The experimental treatments were control without Saga leaf extract (S0), 0.25% Saga leaf extract with basal feed (S1), 0.50% Saga leaf extract with basal feed (S2), and 0.75% Saga leaf extract with basal feed (S3). The variables evaluated were the blood profile of Joper chickens including hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets. Blood profile data obtained from the study were analyzed using ANOVA in the Statistical Package for Social Science or SPSS. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was further analyzed for significantly different data (P<0.05). The results showed that Adenanthera pavonina (Saga) leaf extract could reduce MCV and platelet values in Joper chickens. Nonetheless, this had no impact on the levels of hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. It can be inferred that aplication of saga leaf extract in ration of Joper chickens did not affect most blood profile measurements.