Growth Rate and Production of Hybrid and Local Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Response to Various Doses of Nitrogen Fertilization
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is a strategic commodity after rice so that the productivity need to be optimize through nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of various doses of urea fertilizer on the growth rate and yield of hybrid corn and local corn. This research was conducted from June to October 2022 on the pilot land of the Agricultural Training Center (Bapeltan), Hajimena, Bandar Lampung. The factorial experiment (5x2) was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The first factor is urea fertilizer doses, namely: 200 kg/ha (N1), 250 kg/ha (N2), 300 kg/ha (N3), 350 kg/ha (N4) and 400 kg/ha (N5), while other fertilizers were given to all experimental plots in the same rate (150 SP-36 kg/ha and 100 kg KCl kg/ha). The second factor is the corn variety, included V1 (BISI-18) and V2 (Tongkol Merah) varieties. The results showed that increasing dose of urea from 200 to 400 kg/ha was not able to increase the growth rate of both corn varieties. The productivity of the BISI-18 corn variety is higher than that of the Tongkol Merah as indicated by the wet weight of the cobs (g), the dry weight of grains per plot (g), and the yield of corn dry grains (tons/ha). The yield of dry corn seeds for the BISI-18 corn variety was 11.7 tons/ha, while for the Tongkol Merah variety was 9.44 tons/ha.
Keywords: Fertilizer dosage, Hybrid corn, Local corn, Nitrogen use efficiency, Yield.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abera, T., Debele, T., & Wegary, D. (2017). Effects of varieties and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize on farmers field in mid altitude areas of Western Ethiopia. International Journal of Agronomy, 2017(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4253917
Adhikari, K., Bhandari, S., Aryal, K., Mahato, M., & Shrestha, J. (2021). Effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4(2), 48–62. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33656
Akil, M. (2011). Tanggapan tanaman jagung hibrida terhadap pemupukan nitrogen pada lahan sawah tadah hujan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Serealia, 1, 183–190.
Almodares, A., Jafarinia, M., & Hadi, M.R. (2009). The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on chemical compositions in corn and sweet sorghum. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, 6(4), 441–446.
Astuti, K., Prasetyo, O.R., & Khasanah, I.N. (2020). Analisis produktivitas jagung dan kedelai di Indonesia 2020. Hasil Survei Ubinan, 2020. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/07/27/16e8f4b2ad77dd7de2e53ef2/analisis-produktivitas-jagung-dan-kedelai-di-indonesia-2020-hasil-survei-ubinan.html
Aziiba, E.A., Qiang, C., & Coulter, J.A. (2019). Mechanisms of nitrogen use in maize. Agronomy, 9(12), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120775
Burns, I.G. (2006). Assessing N fertiliser requirements and the reliability of different recommendation systems. Acta Horticulturae, 700, 35-48. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.700.2
Hunt, R. (1989). Basic Growth Analysis: Plant Growth Analysis for Beginners. [e-ISBN: 978-94-010-9117-6]. Springer, Netherlands: 112 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9117-6
Coelho, A.E., Sangoi, L., Balbinot Junior, A.A., Kuneski, H.F., & Martins Júnior, M.C. (2022). Nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of corn hybrids as affected by nitrogen rates and sowing dates in subtropical environment. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 46, e0210087. http://dx.doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210087
Dewanto, F.G., Londok, J.J.M.R., Tuturoong, R.A.V., & Kaunang, W.B. (2013). Pengaruh pemupukan anorganik dan organik terhadap produksi tanaman jagung sebagai sumber pakan. Zootek Animal Science Review, 32(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.32.5.2013.982
Efendi, R., & Suwardi. (2010). Respon tanaman jagung hibrida terhadap tingkat takaran pemberian nitrogen dan kepadatan populasi. Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, 261–268.
Gheith, E.M.S., El-badry, O.Z., Lamlom, S.F., Ali, H.M., Siddiqui, M.H., Ghareeb, R.Y., El-Sheikh, M.H., Jebril, J., Abdelsalam, N.R., & Kandil, E.E. (2022). Maize (Zea mays L.) productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in response to nitrogen application levels and time. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, p.941343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.941343
Karasu, A. (2012). Effect of nitrogen levels on grain yield and some attributes of some hybrid maize cultivars (Zea mays indentata Sturt.) grown for silage as second crop. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 18(1), 42–48.
Karim, H.A., Yasin-HG, M., Kandatong, H., Hasan, H., Hikmahwati, H., & Fitrianti, F. (2020). Uji produktivitas berbagai varietas jagung (Zea mays L.) hibrida dan non hibrida yang sesuai pada agroekosistem Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Agrovital: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 5(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.35329/agrovital.v5i1.635
Khairiyah, Khadijah, S., Iqbal, M., Erwan, S., Norlian, & Mahdianor. (2017). Pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas jagung manis(Zea mays saccharata Sturt) terhadap berbagai dosis pupuk organik hayati pada lahan rawa lebak. Ziraa'ah Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian, 42(3), 230-240.
Lihiang, A., & Lumingkewas, S. (2020). Efisiensi waktu pemberian pupuk nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung lokal kuning. Sainsmat: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 9(2), 144-158. https://doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat92182312020
Mahdiannoor, & Istiqomah, N. (2015). Pertumbuhan dan hasil dua varietas jagung hibrida sebagai tanaman sela dibawah tegakan karet. Ziraa’ah Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian, 40(1).
Margaretha, S.L. (2015). Dampak Inovasi Teknologi Pemupukan Nitrogen Pada Tanaman Jagung Terhadap Ketersediaan Pakan Ditingkat Petani (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Gowa). Diakses di http://balitsereal. litbang. pertanian. go. id/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/15se87.pdf.
Maruapey, A., & Faesal, F., (2010). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung pulut (Zea mays ceratina. L). Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, 315-326.
Muñoz-Huerta, R.F., Guevara-Gonzalez, R.G., Contreras-Medina, L.M., Torres-Pacheco, I., Prado-Olivarez, J., & Ocampo-Velazquez, R.V. (2013). A review of methods for sensing the nitrogen status in plants: advantages, disadvantages and recent advances. Sensors (Switzerland), 13(8), 10823–10843. https://doi.org/10.3390/s130810823
Mutia, A. (2021). 10 negara penghasil jagung terbesar di dunia. Katadata.Co.Id, 2021. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/08/30/10.
Nadhira, A., & Herawaty, D. (2015). Pengaruh pemberian dosis pupuk organik dan dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung (Zea mays). Agrica Ekstensia, 9(2), 16-22.
Nurlailah, N., & Setyawan, H. B. (2019). Pengaruh pupuk vermikompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas jagung (Zea mays. L). Jurnal Bioindustri, 2(1), 374–384.
Pandey, R., Paul, V., Das, M., Meena, M., & Meena, R.C. (2017). Plant growth analysis. Manual of ICAR Sponsored Training Programme on “Physiological Techniques to Analyze the Impact of Climate Change on Crop Plants” 16-25 January, 2017. Division of Plant Physiology, IARI, New Delhi: 103-107
Rahmawati, R. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of maize composite variety lamuru. Agrotech Journal, 2(2), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.31327/atj.v2i2.310
Sharifi, R.S., & Taghizadeh, R. (2009). Response of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars todifferent levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7(3), 518–521.
Sonbai, J.H.H., Prajitno, D., & Syukur, A. (2013). Pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung pada berbagai pemberian pupuk nitrogen di lahan kering regosol. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 16(1), 77–89.
Syafruddin. (2015). Manajemen pemupukan nitrogen pada tanaman jagung. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 32(2), 105–116.
Tobing, J.C.L., Suwarto. & Zaman, S. (2022). Optimum nitrogen fertilizer dosage for composite and hybrid varieties of maize. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 50(2), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v50i2.40199
Wade, J., Culman, S.W., Logan, J.A.R., Poffenbarger, H., Demyan, M.S., Grove, J.H., Mallarino, A.P., McGrath, J.M., Ruark, M., & West, J.R. (2020). Improved soil biological health increases corn grain yield in N fertilized systems across the Corn Belt. Scientific Report, 10, 3917. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-60987-3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i4.1077-1089
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ni Ketut Wirastiti, Kukuh Setiawan, Tumiar Katarina Manik
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.