Potensi Ekstrak Kulit Buah dan Biji Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Sebagai Senyawa Anti Bakteri Patogen pada Ikan
Abstract
Limbah tanaman buah berpotensi sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) merupakan tanaman buah yang memiliki peluang digunakan sebagai bahan pengobatan pada infeksi bakteri patogen pada ikan. Penelitian in vitro ekstrak etanol dari kulit dan biji rambutan dilakukan untuk mempelajari kemampuannya sebagai senyawa anti bakteri patogen pada ikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu pengujian penghambatan dan pengujian Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Pengujian penghambatan yang dilakukan adalah uji penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri dan uji cakram. Hasil uji penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri menunjukkan bahwa kulit rambutan tidak memiliki kemampuan sebagai anti bakteri patogen pada ikan. Berlawanan, hasil uji penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri menunjukkan biji rambutan berpotensi sebagai senyawa antibakteri pathogen pada ikan antara lain Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida dan Streptococcus sp. Uji cakram menunjukkan kemampuan biji rambutan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan tiga bakteri patogen tersebut paling baik bekerja pada konsentrasi 75% dengan diameter zona hambat lebih dari 10 mm. Konsentrasi minimal yang efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan tiga bakteri patogen adalah pada konsentrasi 50-75% dan semakin tinggi konsentrasinya menunjukkan kandungan bahan aktif flavonoid dalam biji rambutan semakin berfungsi sebagai anti bakteri patogen pada ikan.
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