Efek Pelarut Yang Berbeda Terhadap Toksisitas Ekstrak Akar Tuba (Derris elliptica)
Abstract
Akar tuba (Derris elliptica) digunakan sebagai racun pada penangkapan ikan air tawar. Rotenon sebagai bahan aktif dari akar tuba sangat efektif untuk membunuh ikan tetapi penelitian tentang toksisitasnya masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas ekstrak akar tuba menggunakan pelarut etanol, heksan dan akuades dengan menggunakan dua hewan uji yaitu artemia (Artemia sp.) dan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 tingkat konsentrasi yang berbeda. Jumlah rendemen hasil ekstraksi pada pelarut etanol, heksan dan akuades berturut-turut 5; 3,6; 2,5%. Hasil penelitian pada artemia menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas 100% pelarut heksan terjadi pada konsentrasi 63 dan 100 mg/l; etanol 100 mg/l dan akuades 1000 mg/l. Hasil analisis probit pada artemia menunjukkan nilai LC50 (Lethal Concentration) 24 jam pada heksan, etanol dan akuades berturut-turut 37,03; 46,77; 307,47 mg/l. Hasil penelitian pada ikan mas menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas 100% pelarut heksan terjadi pada konsentrasi 3,979; 6,30 dan 9,96 mg/l dan pelarut etanol 9,96 mg/l. Hasil analisis probit pada hewan uji ikan mas menunjukkan nilai LC50-96 jam heksan dan etanol berturut-turut 3,83 dan 6,85 mg/l. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi data awal untuk penggunaan akar tuba baik untuk meracuni ikan maupun untuk membius ikan.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.