PENGARUH JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa) TERHADAP HISTOPATOLOGI ORGAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer) YANG TERINFEKSI VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS SECARA BUATAN
Abstract
Infeksi Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) pada kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf sentral sehingga menimbulkan kematian massal sampai 100% dalam waktu singkat. Salah satu penanganan terhadap penyakit tersebut dengan meningkatkan sistem imun kakap putih. Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) merupakan tanaman yang dapat dijadikan bahan imunostimulan. Imunostimulan dapat meningatkan kekebalan natural dan adaptif pada ikan sehingga dapat dijadikan alternatif cara dalam upaya perlindungan terhadap serangan penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jintan hitam terhadap histopatologis organ kakap putih yang diuji tantang VNN. Kakap putih dimasukkan ke dalam 4 bak pemeliharaan dengan 4 perlakuan dosis jintan hitam. Perlakuan A merupakan perlakuan dengan penambahan jintan hitam 0 g/kg pakan, perlakuan B penambahan jintan hitam 25 g/kg pakan, perlakuan C penambahan jintan hitam 50 g/kg pakan dan perlakuan D penambahan jintan hitam 75g/kg pakan. Perlakuan diterapkan selama 44 hari, pada hari ke-37 dilakukan uji tantang dengan menyuntikkan isolat VNN ke tubuh kakap putih secara intra peritoneal dengan dosis 0,1 ml/ekor. Hasil analisis preparat histopatologis organ otak dan mata kakap putih perlakuan A ditemukan kerusakan patologis berupa inclusion body, hipertropi, vakuola dan nekrosis. Sedangkan pada perlakuan B, C dan D tidak ditemukan kerusakan patologis. Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa dengan penambahan jintan hitam dapat mencegah kerusakan patologis akibat infeksi VNN. Perlakuan B merupakan dosis jintan hitam yang optimal untuk mencegah kerusakan jaringan akibat infeksi VNN. Penambahan jintan hitam dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan imunitas kakap putih sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya kerusakan jaringan akibat infeksi VNN.
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