Eksplorasi-Karakterisasi Morfologi Tanaman Kopi Robusta Kabupaten Belitung Timur
Abstract
The increase in coffee production in East Belitung Regency indicates that coffee plants are quite prospective for development and preservation. The development of Robusta coffee cultivation can be done through plant exploration and characterization activities to obtain accessions with superior properties. This study aims to determine the value of variability and kinship relationships of Robusta coffee accessions in East Belitung Regency. The study was conducted from July 2025 to January 2026. This study used an exploration method with a purposive sampling technique on five healthy and vigorous Robusta coffee plant samples at each research location. Morphological characterization was carried out based on coffee descriptors for qualitative and quantitative characters. Analysis of kinship relationships based on qualitative characters used the UPGMA method with NTSYS-pc 2.1 software in the form of a dendogram and analysis of variability on quantitative characters to obtain the phenotypic diversity value of Robusta coffee accessions. The results of Robusta coffee plant exploration in East Belitung Regency found eight Robusta coffee accessions including Mentawak 1, Mentawak 2, Kelubi, Batu Penyu, Limbongan, Dendang, Jangkang and Lintang accessions. The results of data analysis found that Robusta coffee accessions in East Belitung Regency have a close kinship relationship based on qualitative characters with a coefficient of 80%, which are divided into four clusters. Robusta coffee accessions have narrow to wide plant variability. Narrow variability is found in the characters of leaf length, number of flowers per fascicle, fruit diameter, number of petals per flower and seed width. Somewhat narrow variability is found in the characters of leaf width, leaf stalk length, dry weight of 100 fruits and seed length. Quite wide variability is found in the characters of fresh weight of 100 fruits, wet weight of 100 seeds and dry weight of 100 seeds. Wide variability is found in the characters of plant height, number of flowers per node and flower stalk length. Robusta coffee accessions obtained can be useful as genetic resources for further development through plant breeding programs in the future.
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References
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