KERAGAMAN KARAKTER BEBERAPA MORFO-FISIOLOGI AKSESI KAKAO BANGKA PADA MUSIM KERING YANG PENDEK
Abstract
Due to Due to their sensitivity to dry conditions, cocoa trees confront both challenges and obstacles in their development. Under drought conditions, the morphological and physiological properties of cocoa plants change. This study aims to evaluate several morpho-physiological characteristics of Bangka cocoa accessions during the short-time dry season. This research was conducted out at the Bangka Island region's communal cocoa gardens. Five cocoa plants that have produced for more than three years in good health and vigor were purposively sampled as part of the study's exploratory method. Quantitative data were analyzed using the R program and the Unweighted Pair Group Method With Arithmetic Mean with the help of Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System software for variability and kinship. The results showed that the local Bangka cocoa accessions under short dry season conditions had quite diverse morpho-physiological characters with narrow - wide levels of diversity. There were no kinship relationships found in the majority of the Bangka cocoa accessions that were evaluated. The accessions of Bangka cocoa were separated into eight major clusters.
Downloads
References
Ayegboyin, K. O., & Akinrinde, E. A. (2016). Effect of Water Deficit Imposed during the Early Developmental Phase on Photosynthesis of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Agricultural Sciences, 7(1), 11–19.
Baby, J., Minimol, J. S., Santhoshkumar, A. V., Joseph, J., Abd-ElGawad, A. M., & Ullah, F. (2025). Identification and Development of Drought-Tolerant Cocoa Hybrids: Physiological Insights for Enhanced Water Use Efficiency Under Water Stress Conditions. BMC Plant Biology, 25(1), 1-19.
Bertolino, L. T., Caine, R. S., & Gray, J. E. (2019). Impact of Stomatal Density and Morphology on Water-Use Efficiency in a Changing World. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10(225), 1-11.
Dzandu, E., Enu-Kwesi, L., Markwei, C. M., & Ayeh, K. O. (2021). Screening for Drought Tolerance Potential of Nine Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes from Ghana. Heliyon, 7(11), 1-8.
Evizal, R., Prasmatiwi, F.E., Prasetyo, D., Septiana, L.M., Astuti, T. N. 2026. Performance and Strategies to Enhance Sustainability of Cocoa‑Based Agroforestry in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Research on World Agriculture Economy, 7(2): 282-297.
Gateau-Rey, L., Tanner, E. V., Rapidel, B., Marelli, J. P., & Royaert, S. (2018). Climate Change Could Threaten Cocoa Production: Effects of 2015-16 El Niño-Related Drought On Cocoa Agroforests in Bahia, Brazil. PloS One, 13(7), 1-17.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Shabala, L., Brodribb, T. J., Zhou, M., & Shabala, S. (2019). Understanding Physiological and Morphological Traits Contributing to Drought Tolerance in Barley. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 205(2), 129-140.
Hossain, M, F., & Islam, M. T. (2024). Prospect of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Cultivation in the Environmental Conditions of Gazipur, Bangladesh. Journal Homepage: Journal of Agroforestry and Environment, 17(2), 55–60.
[ICCO] International Cocoa Organization. (2024). Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics.
Juby, B., Minimol, J. S., Suma, B., Santhoshkumar, A. V., Jiji, J., & Panchami, P. S. (2021). Drought Mitigation in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Through Developing Tolerant Hybrids. BMC Plant Biology, 21(1), 1-12.
Kardiman, R., & Ræbild, A. (2018). Relationship Between Stomatal Density, Size and Speed of Opening in Sumatran Rainforest Species. Tree Physiology, 38(5), 696-705.
Kaur, M., Prakash, A., & Kalia, A. N. (2016). Neuroprotective Potential of Antioxidant Potent Fractions from Convolvulus Pluricaulis Chois. in 3-nitropropionic acid challenged rats. Nutritional Neuroscience, 19(2), 70–78.
Kunikullaya, A., Suresh, J., Balakrishnan, S., Kumar, M., Jeyakumar, P., Kumaravadivel, N., & Jegadeeswari, V. (2018). Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(6), 1021-1025.
Lahive, F., Hadley, P., & Daymond, A. J. (2019). The Physiological Responses of Cacao to The Environment and The Implications for Climate Change Resilience. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39(5), 1-22.
Li, H. J., Wang, Y. F., Zhao, C. F., Yang, M., Wang, G. X., & Zhang, R. H. (2021). The Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insight Into the Effects of Drought Stress in Maize. Photosynthetica, 59(1), 1-11.
Mensah, G. A., Fuster, V., Murray, C. J. L., Roth, G. A. (2023). Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 82(25), 2350–2473.
Pirasteh‐Anosheh, H., Saed‐Moucheshi, A., Pakniyat, H., & Pessarakli, M. (2016). Stomatal Responses to Drought Stress. Water Stress and Crop Plants: A Sustainable Approach, 1, 24-40.
Santhyami, S., Basukriadi, A., Patria, M. P., & Abdulhadi, R. (2018). The Comparison of Aboveground C-Stock Between Cacao-Based Agroforestry System and Cacao Monoculture Practice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(2), 472-479.
Seleiman, M. F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu, T., Haleem Abdul-Wajid, H., & Leonardo Battaglia, M. (2021). Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. Plants, 10, 1-25.
Singh RK, Chaudhary BD. 1979. Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Kaliyani Publisher. New Delhi.
Suchitra, R., Priscilla, B., Kumar, B. V. S., & Shouri, S. (2023). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria-Effect of Screening and Treatment on Fetal Outcome. International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research, 13(12), 260–265.
Sugiatno, S., Hansyah, A. F., Evizal, R., & Ramadiana, S. (2022). Pengaruh Kemarau terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tujuh Klon Kakao. Jurnal Agrotropika, 21(1), 59-66.
Suparno, A., Arbianto, M. A., Prabawardani, S., Chadikun, P., Tata, H., & Luhulima, F, D. N. (2024). The Identification of Yield Components, Genetic Variability, and Heritability to Determine the Superior Cocoa Trees in West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity, 25(6), 2363-2373.
Yavas, I., Jamal, M. A., Din, K. U., Ali, S., Hussain, S., & Farooq, M. (2024). Drought-Induced Changes in Leaf Morphology and Anatomy: Overview, Implications and Perspectives. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33(2), 1517-1530.
Yoroba, F., Kouassi, B. K., Diawara, A., Yapo, L. A., Kouadio, K., Tiemoko, D. T., Kouadio, Y, K., Kone, I, D & Assamoi, P. (2019). Evaluation of Rainfall and Temperature Conditions for a Perennial Crop in Tropical Wetland: a Case Study of Cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire. Advances in Meteorology, 2019(1), 1-10.
Zakariyya, F., Indradewa, D., & Santoso, T. I. (2019). Distribusi Asimilat dan Analisis Laju Pertumbuhan Bibit Sambung Pucuk Kakao dengan Klon Batang Atas Berbeda berdasarkan Tiga Interval Waktu Siram. Agritrop, 17(2), 207-213.
Zapata-Alvarez, A., Bedoya-Vergara, C., Porras-Barrientos, L. D., Rojas-Mora, J. M., Rodríguez-Cabal, H. A., Gil-Garzon, M. A., Martinez-Alvaez, O, L., Ocampo-Cabal, H, A., Gil-Garzon, M, A., Ardila-Castaneda, M, P., & Monsalve-F, Z. I. (2024). Molecular, Biochemical, and Sensorial Characterization of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Beans: A Methodological Pathway for the Identification of New Regional Materials with Outstanding Profiles. Heliyon, 10(3), 1-15.
Zasari, M., Wachjar, A., Susilo, A. W., & Sudarsono, S. (2020). Prope Legitimate Rootstocks Determine the Selection Criteria for Drought-Tolerant Cocoa. Biodiversitas, 21(9), 4067–4075.
Zasari, M., Wachjar, A., Susilo, A. W., & Sudarsono, S. (2023). Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Prope Legitimate Seedlings of 13 Cocoa Clones Under Drought Stress. Planta Tropika, 11(2), 168–175.
Zegaoui, Z., Planchais, S., Cabassa, C., Djebbar, R., Belbachir, O. A., & Carol, P. (2017). Variation in Relative Water Content, Proline Accumulation and Stress Gene Expression in Two Cowpea Landraces Under Drought. Journal of Plant Physiology, 218, 26-34.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
