Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang dan Performa Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

Yield gaps can occur due to land degradation, climate change, and increased pest and disease attacks. Basal stem rot disease is a major problem in oil palm cultivation. This study utilized secondary data, namely production data for 2003-2016, tree population data and the incidence of Ganoderma disease observed in 2016 in plantation company in South Lampung. The yield gap is measured using the productivity performance index, namely the ratio between actual productivity and potential productivity of land with S3 land suitability. The results showed that: (1) The tree mortality rate in young oil palm plants was significantly lowest at 0.67 trees per year compared to the juvenile, adult and old age categories ranging from 1.6 to 1.9 trees per ha per year. The number of dead and diseased trees increases in linear regression with increasing age; (2) Ganoderma attack in the heavy category was more common in juvenile, mature, and old plants. In young plants, the incidence of severe attack was 0.4 trees per ha, while in juvenile, mature and old plants it ranged from 1-2 plants per ha and there was no significant difference between juvenile, adult, and old age categories. There was no significant difference in the incidence of light attack between age categories, ranging from 1.6 to 2.6 trees per ha; (3) Heavy attack of Ganoderma affects yield performance linearly. Plantation groups with different generations of planting years showed different yield trends. The two plantation groups both reached peak production of 18 FFB/ha/year which was achieved at different ages. Yield declines occur more rapidly in the next generation of replanted gardens as a degeneration symptom.

Key words : Degeneration, Ganoderma, incidence, performance, replanting, oil palm