The Potential for Controlling Maize Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Biological Agents Bacillus spp.
Abstract
Maize production is still facing many challenges nowadays. One of the main challenges in maize production is pest attacks. S. frugiperda has been causing significant damage to maize farming in Indonesia recently. This research was conducted to determine the potential of Bacillus spp. isolates Bcz-20 and Bcz-30 are identified as biological agent candidates to control the S. frugiperda population, with bacterial population densities of 109 CFU/mL, 108 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL, respectively, as determined by in vitro and in vivo application tests. The Bcz-20 treatment with a population density of 107 CFU/mL was capable of suppressing the S. frugiperda larvae population in an in vitro application test, resulting in a mortality percentage of 47.5%. The Bcz-20 treatment with a population density of 109 CFU/mL was capable of suppressing the S. frugiperda larvae population by in vivo application test, resulting in a mortality percentage of 70 %. The conclusion, Bacillus spp. Bcz-20 isolates with a population density of 107 CFU/mL are efficient and effective for controlling the S. frugiperda larvae population.
Downloads
References
Anjani, A.D., Wuryandari, Y., & Lestari, S.R. (2025). Optimization of bioencapsulation of Bacillus sp. to increase resistance to bacterial wilt and growth of cayenne pepper. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 14(4), 1325–1333. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtepl.v14i4.1325-1334
Anjarsari, D.T., Prasetyawati, E.T., & Wuryandari, Y. (2022). Inhibitory test of Bacillus sp. against phytophthora palmivora causes cocoa fruit rot disease. Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 14–21. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2022.2003
Astuti, K., Ramdhani, D.M., & Khasanah, I.N. (2022). Analisis produktivitas jagung dan kedelai di Indonesia 2021 (Hasil Survei Ubinan) (W. P. Buana, H. Ferdinan, S. Haryanto, S. Suwarti, & I. Wirawati (eds.)). BPS - Statistics Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2022/12/16/9e87d65dae851717a1af5784/analisis-produktivitas-jagung-dan-kedelai-di-indonesia--2021.html
da Costa, F.S.S., Praça, L.B., Gomes, A.C.M.M., dos Santos, R.C., Soares, C.M.S., & Monnerat, R.G. (2020). Bacillus thuringiensis effect on the vegetative development of cotton plants and the biocontrol of Spodoptera frugiperda. Agronomy, 10(12), 1889. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121889
Deden, D., Umiyati, U., & Dukat, D. (2023). Preferensi dan intensitas serangan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada berbagai varietas tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata). Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 11(2), 173–179. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v11i2.5067
Dudurang, B., Rante, C.S., & Wanta, N.N. (2023). Persentase serangan hama Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada tanaman jagung manis di Kecamatan Matuari Kota Bitung. ENFiT: Jurnal Entomologi Dan Fitopatologi, 3(1), 31–36. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/enfit/article/view/51123
Fatikhasari, Z., Lailaty, I.Q., Sartika, D., & Ubaidi, M.A. (2022). Viabilitas dan vigor benih kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.), kacang hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), dan jagung (Zea mays L.) pada temperatur dan tekanan osmotik berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 27(1), 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.1.7
Fitriana, I.N., Suryaminarsih, P., & Mujoko, T. (2020). Potential of multientomopa Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. in potato extract broth and glucose nitrate broth media on pests (Spodoptera litura) eating behavior by in vitro test. Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 270–276. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2019.0438
Gunawan, S., Kahar, K., & Karmini, M. (2023). Rancang bangun alat peredam kebisingan berbasis variasi ketebalan busa dakron dan egg tray terhadap penurunan intensitas kebisingan di industri farmasi tahun 2023. Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL), 5(2), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.35970/jppl.v5i2.1981
Hariyanto, A.L., Wuryandari, Y., & Suryaminarsih, P. (2022). Efektivitas metabolit sekunder Pseudomonad fluorescent sebagai antimikroba patogen Fusarium oxysporum secara in vitro. Jurnal AGROHITA, 7(3), 514–518.
Heriyati, S. (2023). Kemampuan beberapa isolat Bacillus spp. dalam menghambat perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium dan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). [Undergraduate thesis]. UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur
Karshanal, J., & Kalia, V.K. (2023). Efficacy of native Bacillus isolates against different larval instars of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda alone and in combination. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 33(102), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00743-7
Knaak, N., Franz, A.R., Santos, G.F., & Fiuza, L.M. (2010). Histopathology and the lethal effect of cry proteins and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis erliner in Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 70(3), 677–684. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000300028
Kurniawati, K., Purnawati, A., & Windriyanti, W. (2025). Efficacy of endophytic bacteria as entomopathogens against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidotera: Noctuidae ) on corn (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 14(1), 1040–1050. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v14i3.1040-1050
Laili, N.H., Abida, I.W., & Junaedi, A.S. (2022). Nilai total plate count (TPC) dan jumlah jenis bakteri air limbah cucian garam (bittern) dari tambak garam Desa Banyuajuh Kecamatan Kamal Kabupaten Bangkalan. Juvenil: Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan dan Perikanan, 3(1), 26–31. http://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v3i1.15075
Lugito, R., Yunus, M., & Asrul, A. (2023). Pengendalian hayati larva Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith dengan menggunakan cendawan entomopatogen metarhizium anisopliae di laboratorium. Agrotekbis: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 11(2), 429–436.
Maharani, Y., Dewi, V.K., Puspasari, L.T., Rizkie, L., Hidayat, Y., & Dono, D. (2019). Cases of fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attack on maize in Bandung, Garut and Sumedang District, West Java. CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection, 2(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v2i1.23013
Megasari, D., Putra, I.L.I., Martina, N.D., Wulanda, A., & Khotimah, K. (2022). Biologi Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith pada beberapa jenis pakan di laboratorium. Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 15(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v15i1.11978
Minarsih, S., Samijan, S., Supriyo, A., Praptana, R.H., & Komalawati, K. (2022). Efektivitas pupuk organik cair hasil aktivasi molekul dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Jurnal Pangan, 31(2), 125–134.
Mohammad, A.M., Elham, A.R., Khalil, A.F., & Ahmed, H.Y. (2024). The potency of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Bacillus thuringiensis as biocides against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 14(6), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i6.1359
Mulyani, M., Syafi’i, M., Afifah, L., & Irfan, B. (2024). Intensitas serangan dan fluktuasi populasi hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith) pada beberapa galur tetua jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) MS-UNSIKA Mutan Generasi M7. Jurnal Agrotech, 14(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.31970/agrotech.v14i1.163
Nelly, N., Hamid, H., Lina, E.C., Yunisman, Y., Rusli, R., Yanti, Y., & Kairunisa, M. (2024). Effectiveness of Bacillus spp. from West Sumatra, Indonesia in controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biodiversitas, 25(4), 1472–1478. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250415
Putra, I.L.I., Aulia, D.R., & Hanafi, Y. (2024). Bentuk serangan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith pada tanaman selain jagung di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 7(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v7i1p58-67
Putri, R.C., Megasari, D., & Rahmadhini, N. (2024). Photoperiod effects on the growth stages of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian (JIP), 21(3), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.31849/jip.v21i3.20216
Putri, S.N.S., Susanto, A., Bari, I.N., & Santriyani, A.S. (2022). Pengaruh beberapa pelarut ekstrak daun Nerium oleander L. terhadap mortalitas, konsumsi makan dan kelulushidupan Spodoptera frugiperda. Jurnal Agrikultura, 33(3), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v33i3.41671
Sari, K.K. (2020). Viral hama invasif ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda) ancam panen jagung di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kalsel. Proteksi Tanaman Tropika, 3(03), 244–247.
Sianipar, H.F., Sijabat, A., & Pane, E.P. (2019). Pengaruh pemberian berbagai tingkat mikoriza arbuskula pada tanah terakumulasi logam Pb terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi). JBIO: Jurnal Biosains, 5(2), 53–58.
Sutriono, S., & Zahar, I. (2022). Perbandingan efektivitas bacillus thuringiensis dengan teknologi ozon dalam pengendalian hama Spodoptera litura pada daun cabai (Capsicum annum). Jurnal Rona Teknik Pertanian, 15(2), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v15i2.28350
Trisyono, Y.A., Suputa, S., Aryuwandari, V.E.F., Hartaman, M., & Jumari, J. (2019). Occurrence of heavy infestation by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a new alien invasive pest, in Corn Lampung Indonesia. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 23(1), 156–160. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.46455
Wibawa, I.P.A.H. (2018). Perbandingan efektivitas beberapa pestisida organik pada budidaya brokoli (Brassica rapa L.) di Bedugul, Bali. Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal, 1(1), 1–9.
Zakqy, N., Wuryandari, Y., & Purnawati, A. (2024). Potential of the biological agent Bacillus spp in inhibiting fusarium wild disease and its effects on the growth and production of cayenne papper (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus, 10(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v10i1.5366
Zinidin, M. (2022). Eksplorasi Bacillus spp. pada rhizosfer cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) dataran tinggi dan potensinya sebagai agensia pengendali hayati patogen Ralstonia solanacearum secara in vitro. [Undergraduate thesis]. UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur. https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/6876
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
