Diversity and Low Parasitism of Egg Parasitoids Associated with Maize (Zea mays) in Madura, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aimed to explore and identify egg parasitoids associated with maize (Zea mays) in Keleyan Village, Bangkalan Regency, Madura. Field observations were conducted during both vegetative and generative growth stages using a direct survey method. Eggs of lepidopteran pests were collected and reared under laboratory conditions to observe the emergence of adult parasitoids. The results showed that only one genus of egg parasitoid was found, namely Trichogramma spp., which parasitized the eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda at a parasitism rate of 17.3%. This rate was low for a biological control program. These findings indicate that the presence of natural parasitoids in the study area was not sufficiently effective in suppressing pest populations under natural conditions. Nevertheless, Trichogramma spp. still shows potential as a biological control agent, particularly if supported by augmentative or conservation-based approaches. This results can be used as foundation for the development of ecological-based environmentally friendly, and sustainable pest control strategies in lowland maize cultivation systems, especially in the Madura region.
Downloads
References
Abrahams, P., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Clottey, V., Cock, M., Colmenarez, Y., Corniani, N., Day, R., Early, R., Godwin, J. Gomez, J., Moreno, P.G., Murphy, S.T., Oppong-Mensah, B., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Richards, G., Silvestri, S., & Witt, A. (2017). Fall Armyworm: Impacts and Implications for Africa. Evidence Note (2), September 2017, UKAID, CABI, London.
Argiyanti, A., Cristanti, W., Sukma, R.I., Riandi, R., & Suprianto, B. (2022). Inovasi pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi: Model discovery learning berbantuan aplikasi Inaturalist pada materi keanekaragaman hayati. Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi, 8(3), 52-62.
Dewi, A.R.Y.T., Santoso, S.I., & Prasetyo, E. (2018). Analisis efisiensi teknis dan ekonomi penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi pada usahatani jagung hibrida di Kelompok Tani Sidomulyo 01 Kecamatan Sukolilo Kabupaten Pati. Agrisaintifika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 2(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.32585/ags.v2i1.216
Dong, H., Zhu, K.-h., Zhao, Q., Bai, X.-p., Zhou, J.-c., & Zhang, L.-s. (2021). Morphological defense of the egg mass of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) affects parasitic capacity and alters behaviors of egg parasitoid wasps. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 24(3), 671–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2021.05.015
Day, R., Abrahams, P., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Clottey, V., Cock, M., Colmenarez, Y., Corniani, N., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gomez, J., Moreno, P.G., Murphy, S.T., Oppong-Mensah, B., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Silvestri, S., & Witt, A. (2017). Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management, 28(5), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1564/v28_oct_02
Fanani, M.Z., Rauf, A., Maryana, N., Nurmansyah, A., & Hindayana, D. (2023). Interferensi kehadiran predator terhadap keefektifan parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi De Santis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Jurnal Agronida, 9(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.30997/jag.v9i1.7172
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2021). Integrated pest management: Ecological approaches for sustainable agriculture.
Goulet, H., & Huber, J.T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Canada Communication Group Publishing.
Grissell, E.E., & Schauff, M.E. (1990). A Handbook of the Families of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) (Handbook 1: 1–85). Entomological Society of Washington.
Hakim, L., Karindah, S., & Astuti, L.P. (2014). Eksplorasi parasitoid telur Plutella xylostella pada pertanaman kubis Brassica oleracea di daerah Malang dan Kota Batu. Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan), 2(2), 116–121. https://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/view/100
Hendrival, H., Rahayu, S., Perdamaian, J., Iqlina, I., Hafifah, H., Munauwar, M.M., & Nurmasyitah, N. (2022). Keanekaragaman dan dominansi serangga parasitoid telur berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Agritech, 24(2), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.30595/agritech.v24i2.13802
Horvat, D., Šimić, G., Drezner, G., Lalić, A., Ledenčan, T., Tucak, M., Plavšić, H., Andrić, L., & Zdunić, Z. (2020). Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activity of major cereal crops. Antioxidants, 9(6), 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060527
Istiqomah, N., & Purnomo, N.H. (2019). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman jagung (Zea mays) di Kabupaten Bangkalan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Swara Bhumi, 1(1), 7 pages.
Maramis, R.T.D., & Kandowangko, D.S. (2013). Keanekaragaman jenis parasitoid Trichogrammatidae hama Helicoverpa armigera berdasarkan karakter morfologi pada tanaman jagung di Sulawesi Utara. Eugenia, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.35791/eug.19.1.2013.8378
Otim, M.H., Aropet, S.A., Opio, M., Kanyesigye, D., Opolot, H.N., & Tay, W.T. (2021). Parasitoid distribution and parasitism of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different maize producing regions of Uganda. Insects, 12(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020121
Shepard, B.M., Barrion, A.T., & Litsinger, J.A. (1995). Serangga, Laba-Laba, dan Patogen yang Membantu: Mitra Petani Padi (Translated by K. Untung & S. Wirjosuhardjo). Program Nasional Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, Bappenas.
Montezano, D.G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D.R., Roque-Specht, V.F., Sousa-Silva, J.C., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Peterson, J.A., & Hunt, T.E. (2018). Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26(2), 286-300. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.026.0286
Subiono, T. (2019). Preferensi Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada beberapa sumber pakan. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 2(2), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.2.2.2020.2813.130-134
Sumaryati, B., Sartiami, D., & Santoso, S. (2023). Biology and life table of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on baby corn (Zea mays Linn.) as alternative feed. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 20(2), 188–202. https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.20.2.188
Triwibowo, H., Jumani, J., & Ernawati, H. (2014). Identifikasi hama dan penyakit Shorea leprosula Miq di Taman Nasional Kutai Resort Sangkima Kabupaten Kutai Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. AGRIFOR: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Kehutanan, XIII(2), 175-184.
Wahyudin, M.A., Windriyanti, W., Rahmadhini, N., & Lestari, S.R. (2024). Pengaruh Samping insektisida berbahan aktif dimehipo dan fipronil terhadap mortalitas dan lemunculan imago Trichogramma chilonis. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 12(2), 249. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v12i2.7691
Waruwu, A., Tobing, M.C., & Siregar, A.Z. (2023). Exploration of egg parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize plants in Desa Purwobinangun, Kecamatan Sei Bingai, Kabupaten Langkat. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 11(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.32734/ja.v11i1.5477
Supartha, I.W., Susila, I.W., Sunari, A.A.A.S., Mahaputra, I.G.F., Yudha, I.K.W., & Wiradana, P.A. (2021). Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(6), 3378-3389. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220645
Ulya, Q., Muhlison, W., Purnomo, H., & Sucipto, I. (2024). Pengaruh pemberian media pakan Corcyra cephalonica S. terhadap parasitasi Trichogramma sp. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 12(1), 138–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v12i1.6455
Wahyuningsih, R.D., Harjaka, T., Suputa, S., & Trisyono, Y.A. (2022). Parasitization levels of Spodoptera frugiperda eggs (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in three different corn ecosystems in East Java. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Plant Protection), 26(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.71598
Windriyanti, W., Mujoko, T., & Ratri, T.L. (2020). Keanekaragaman serangga berguna pagi pada tanaman refugia di sekitar lahan padi organik Desa Ngompro Kabupaten Ngawi. In Proceedings Seminar Nasional Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur, 62–70.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
