Effect of Benzyladenine (BA) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) Application on the Bud Emergence and Seedling Uniformity of Sugarcane Setts
Abstract
Benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) are widely recognized as plant growth regulators that can stimulate bud activation in sugarcane. However, information regarding the synergistic effects of BA and TDZ, particularly in field-level sett treatment, remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of benzyladenine (BA) and its combination with thidiazuron (BA+TDZ) on bud emergence and seedling uniformity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) setts. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, involving four sugarcane varieties (GP 99-8009, GP 05-17, GP 08-132, and TC 09) and three treatments: control (0 ppm), BA 50 ppm, and BA 50 ppm + TDZ 5 mg/L. Each experimental unit consisted of 20 buds from 10 two-budded setts. The results showed that the combination of BA 50 ppm + TDZ 5 mg/L significantly enhanced bud emerging percentage, plant height, and fresh and dry stem weights compared to BA alone and control. Variety had no significant effect, and no interaction was observed between variety and hormonal treatment. It can be concluded that the combination of BA and TDZ effectively stimulates bud emergence and early growth of sugarcane, indicating its potential use in seedling establishment.
Downloads
References
Cahyani, E.N., Setiari, N., & Nurchayati, Y., (2025). Peningkatan pertumbuhan anggrek Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume secara in vivo setelah pemberian thidiazuron (TDZ). Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 16(2), 92-99.
Dey, M., Bakshi, S., Galiba, G., Sahoo, L., Panda, S.K., (2012). Development of a genotype independent and transformation amenable regeneration system from shoot apex in rice (Oryza sativa spp. indica) using TDZ. Biotech, 2, 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0051-y
Gallo-Meagher, M., English, R.G., & Abouzid, A. (2000). Thidiazuron stimulates shoot regeneration of sugarcane embryogenic callus. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology–Plant, 36, 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-000-0009-3
Hapsoro, D., Febrianie, A.P., & Yusnita. (2012). In vitro shoot formation on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) callus as affected by benzyladenine concentrations. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 40(1), 56-61.
Hopkins, W. G., & Hüner, N.P.A. (2008). Introduction to plant physiology (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Huetteman, C.A., & Preece, J.E. (1993). Thidiazuron: A potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 33(2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01983223
Hussain, S., Nanda, S., Zhang, J., Rehmani, M.I.A., Suleman, M., Li, G., & Hou, H. (2021). Auxin and cytokinin interplay during leaf morphogenesis and phyllotaxy. Plants, 10(8), 1732. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081732
Kumari, K., Lal, M., & Saxena, S. (2017). Enhanced micropropagation and tiller formation in sugarcane through pretreatment of explants with thidiazuron (TDZ). Biotech, 7, 282, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0910-7
Kumari, K., Lal, M., & Saxena, S. (2018). Cumulative effect of thidiazuron and 1-naphthylacetic acid in root proliferation of sugarcane plantlet. Plant Root, 12, 16–20. https://doi.org/10.3117/plantroot.12.16
Kurnia, N.I., Nursandi, F., & Machmudi. (2022). Effect of planting media and duration of PGR concentration on root induction in lipstick aglaonema (Aglaonema crispum L.). Journal of Tropical Crop Science and Technology, 4(2), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.22219/jtcst.v4i2.32483
Liu, P., Peacock, W.J., Wang, L., Furbank, R., Larkum, A., & Dennis, E.S. (2020). Leaf growth in early development is key to biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(8), 2439-2450. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa006
McIntyre, K.E., Bush, D.R., & Argueso, C.T. (2021). Cytokinin regulation of source–sink relationships in plant–pathogen interactions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 677585. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.677585
Mok, D.W.S., & Mok, M.C. (2001). Cytokinin metabolism and action. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 52, 89–118. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.89
Mutunga, C.M. (1998). Effect of benzyladenine, gibberellic acid, and ethephon on growth and flower yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) plants. University of Nairobi.
Nowakowska, K., Pińkowska, A., Siedlecka, E., & Pacholczak, A. (2022). The effect of cytokinins on shoot proliferation, biochemical changes and genetic stability of Rhododendron ‘Kazimierz Odnowiciel’ in the in vitro cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 149, 675–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02206-z
Punpee, P. (2015). Conditional up-regulation of cytokinin status increases growth and survival of sugarcane in water-limited conditions [PhD thesis]. University of Queensland, Australia.
Purlani, E., Sadikin, I., & Istiana, H. (2019). Teknik perbanyakan benih tebu dengan menggunakan mesin pengambil bud chips mata tunas tebu. In Prosiding Temu Teknis Jabatan Fungsional Non Peneliti, Malang, 17–19 Juli 2019. IAARD Press.
Rivas, M.A., Friero, I., Alarcon, M.V. & Salguero, J., (2022). Auxin-cytokinin balance shapes maize root architecture by controlling primay root elongation and lateral root development. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.836592
Schaller, G.E., Street, I.H. & Kieber, J.J. (2014). Cytokinin and the cell cycle. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 21, 7-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.05.015
Smith, D.M., Inman-Bamber, N.G. & Thorburn, P.J. (2005). Growth and function of the sugarcane root system. Field Crops Research, 92(2-3), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.017
Sorour, M.A., & El-Shanhorey, N.A. (2016). Effect of foliar applied benzyladenine and gibberellic acid on vegetative growth and chemical constituents of Dracaena marginata (B) pinched plants. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Research, 21(1), 84–97.
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant physiology and development (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates.
van Antwerpen, R., van Heerden, P.D.R., Keeping, M.G., Titshall, L.W., Jumman, A., Tweddle, P.B., van Antwerpen, T., Ramouthar, P.V., & Campbell, P.L. (2022). A review of field management practices impacting root health in sugarcane. In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 173, pp. 79–162). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2022.02.002
Werner, T., Nehnevajova, E., Köllmer, I., Novák, O., Strnad, M., Krämer, U., & Schmülling, T. (2010). Root-specific reduction of cytokinin causes enhanced root growth, drought tolerance, and leaf mineral enrichment in Arabidopsis and tobacco. The Plant Cell, 22(12), 3905–3920. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.072694
Zhang, D., Liao, Y., Lu, S., Li, C., Shen, Z., Yang, G., & Yin, J. (2019). Effect of thidiazuron on morphological and flowering characteristics of Dendrobium ‘Sunya Sunshine’ potted plants. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 47(3), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2019.1576744
Zhang, X.-Q., Liang, Y.-J., Song, X.-P., Yan, M.-X., Tang, L.-Q., Qin, Z.-Q., Huang, Y.-X., Li, D.-W., Huang, D.-M., Shi, Z.-S., Zhang, B.-Q., & Huang, D.-L. (2025). Indole-3-butyric acid enhances root formation and alleviates low-temperature stress in sugarcane: molecular insights and identification of candidate genes. Plants, 14(10), 1502. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101502
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
