Enhancing Morphological and Physiological Sugarcane Growth through Natural Plant Growth Regulators Made of Banana Weevil
Abstract
Natural plant growth regulators (NPGR) have a significant impact on plant growth, particularly on plant morphological and physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of immersion duration with banana weevil NPGR on the physiological and morphological traits of bud chips of sugarcane clone PS 862. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completed block design with a single factor of immersion duration. Five immersion treatments included T0 (control), T1 (1.5 h), T2 (3 h), T3 (4.5 h), and T4 (6 h), were performed with 5 samples and 3 blocks of replications, resulting in a total of 75 plant samples. Results revealed that immersion of 1.5 h was optimal for NPGR absorption in sugarcane seedlings with better plant growth. Immersion for 1.5 h resulted in the significantly highest stem diameter (6.03 mm), the longest root length (43.73 cm), and the highest stomatal density (127.04 stomata/mm²). These indicated the improved physiological performance of sugarcane seedlings under moderate NPGR exposure. Significant effect was not observed on the total amount of chlorophyll; most likely due to the small number of leaves generated during the seedling phase. The study concluded that using NPGR, especially with a 1.5 h immersion time, could improve the growth and morphological characteristics of BC variety PS 862.
Downloads
References
Abd El-Moneim, D., Alqahtani, M.M., Abdein, M.A., & Germoush, M.O. (2020). Drought and salinity stress response in wheat: Physiological and TaNAC gene expression analysis in contrasting Egyptian wheat genotypes. Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 47(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2020.47.1.001
Aoki-Shioi, N., Nagai, Y., Deshimaru, M., & Terada, S. (2023). Precursor genes of Bowman-Birk-type serine proteinase inhibitors comprise multiple inhibitory domains to promote diversity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 1867(1), 130248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130248
Apine, I., Megre, D., Dokane, K., Kondratovics, U., & Tomsone, S. (2021). Effect of exogenous auxin application on starch concentration during adventitious root formation of deciduous azalea ‘Madame Debene’ cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, 1331. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1331.15
Barbez, E., Dünser, K., Gaidora, A., & Busch, W. (2017). Auxin steers root cell expansion via apoplastic pH regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(24), E4884–E4893. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613499114
Bloch, D., Puli, M.R., Mosquna, A., & Yalovsky, S. (2019). Abiotic stress modulates root patterning via ABA-regulated microRNA expression in the endodermis initials. Development, 146(17), dev177097. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.177097
Bruno, L., Talarico, E., Cabeiras-Freijanes, L., Madeo, M.L., Muto, A., Minervino, M., Lucini, L., Miras-Moreno, B., Sofo, A., & Araniti, F. (2021). Coumarin interferes with polar auxin transport altering microtubule cortical array organization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root apical meristem. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(14), 7305. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147305
Cao, D., Chabikwa, T., Barbier, F., Dun, E.A., Fichtner, F., Dong, L., Kerr, S.C., & Beveridge, C.A. (2023). Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth. Plant Physiology, 192(2), 1420–1434. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad034
Chen, J., Gong, Y., Gao, Y., Zhou, Y., Chen, M., Xu, Z., Guo, C., & Ma, Y. (2021a). TaNAC48 positively regulates drought tolerance and ABA responses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Crop Journal, 9(4), 785–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.09.010
Chen, Q., Bai, L., Wang, W., Shi, H., Botella, J.R., Zhan, Q., Liu, K., Yang, H.-Q., & Song, C.-P. (2021b). COP1 promotes ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating the abundance of ABI/HAB and AHG3 phosphatases. New Phytologist, 229(4), 2035–2049. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17001
Chen, S., Zhong, K., Li, Y., Bai, C., Xue, Z., & Wu, Y. (2023). Evolutionary analysis of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) GH3 gene family and identification of GH3 genes related to fruit growth and development. Plants, 12(6), 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061382
Chen, Z.-H., Wang, Y., Wang, J.-W., Babla, M., Zhao, C., García-Mata, C., Sani, E., Differ, C., Mak, M., Hills, A., Amtmann, A., & Blatt, M.R. (2016). Nitrate reductase mutation alters potassium nutrition as well as nitric oxide-mediated control of guard cell ion channels in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist, 209(4), 1456–1469. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13714
Egamberdieva, D., Ma, H., Reckling, M., Omari, R.A., Wirth, S., & Bellingrath-Kimura, S.D. (2022). Interactive effects of biochar, nitrogen, and phosphorous on the symbiotic performance, growth, and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max L.). Agronomy, 12(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010027
Farman, S., Mushtaq, A., & Azeem, M.W. (2019). Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their applications: A review. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 15, 94–103.
Forgione, I., Wołoszyńska, M., Pacenza, M., Chiappetta, A., Greco, M., Araniti, F., Abenavoli, M.R., Van Lijsebettens, M., Bitonti, M.B., & Bruno, L. (2019). Hypomethylated drm1 drm2 cmt3 mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana is related to auxin pathway impairment. Plant Science, 280, 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.029
Gao, H., Yu, W., Yang, X., Liang, J., Sun, X., Sun, M., Xiao, Y., & Peng, F. (2022). Silicon enhances the drought resistance of peach seedlings by regulating hormone, amino acid, and sugar metabolism. BMC Plant Biology, 22, 422. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03785-5
Godoy, F., Kühn, N., Muñoz, M., Marchandon, G., Gouthu, S., Deluc, L., Delrot, S., Lauvergeat, V., & Arce-Johnson, P. (2021). The role of auxin during early berry development in grapevine as revealed by transcript profiling from pollination to fruit set. Horticulture Research, 8, 140. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00568-1
Górski, F., Gerotti, G.M., & Magalhães, H.M. (2021). Relationship between auxins and cytokinins in the growth and organogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Grecco a Palla’. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 101(5), 698–713. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2020-0067
Hajihashemi, S., Brestic, M., Landi, M., & Skalicky, M. (2020). Resistance of Fritillaria imperialis to freezing stress through gene expression, osmotic adjustment and antioxidants. Scientific Reports, 10, 10427. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67399-6
Hamza, M.H., & Hadi, A.A.-K. (2020). Study of the effect of foliar spray with nano fertilizer and biological fertilization in some characteristics of vegetative and root growth of orange seedlings. Plant Archives, 20(Suppl. 2), 2839–2844.
Hmmam, I., Raza, A., Djalovic, I., Khedr, N., & Abdellatif, A. (2023). An in vitro approach to investigate the role of abscisic acid in alleviating the negative effects of chilling stress on banana shoots. Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, 92(6), 1695–1711. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.028317
Hoermayer, L., Montesinos, J.C., Marhava, P., Benková, E., Yoshida, S., & Friml, J. (2020). Wounding-induced changes in cellular pressure and localized auxin signalling spatially coordinate restorative divisions in roots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(26), 15322–15331. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003346117
Jiang, Z.-f., Liu, D.-d., Wang, T.-q., Liang, X.-l., Cui, Y.-h., Liu, Z.-h., & Li, W.-b. (2020). Concentration difference of auxin involved in stem development in soybean. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(4), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62676-6
Johannissen, L.O., Taylor, A., Hardman, S.J.O., Heyes, D.J., Scrutton, N.S., & Hay, S. (2022). How photoactivation triggers protochlorophyllide reduction: Computational evidence of a stepwise hydride transfer during chlorophyll biosynthesis. ACS Catalysis, 12(7), 4141–4148. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.2c00866
Kabała, K., & Janicka, M. (2023). Structural and functional diversity of two ATP-driven plant proton pumps. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 4512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054512
Kanayama, Y. (2017). Sugar metabolism and fruit development in the tomato. The Horticulture Journal, 86(4), 417–425. https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.OKD-IR01
Kativat, C., Chueakhunthod, W., & Tantasawat, P.A. (2022). The effects of cytokinin and plating density on protoplast culture of sunflower. Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 49(4), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2022.49.4.331
Kumari, P., Topno, S.E., & Bahadur, V. (2022). Effect of plant growth regulators on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of brinjal. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 12(11), 2736–2743. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1131262
Kurepa, J., & Smalle, J.A. (2022). Auxin/cytokinin antagonistic control of the shoot/root growth ratio and its relevance for adaptation to drought and nutrient deficiency stresses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), 1933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041933
Li, K., Tian, H., Mao, J., Khan, A., Tahir, M. M., Li, S., Chen, S., Shao, Y., & Zhang, D. (2022). Effect of darkness treatment on the morphology, hormone status and gene expression of developing adventitious root in apple rootstock. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 148, 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-021-02192-2
Li, Y.-Y., Hao, Z.-G., Miao, S., Zhang, X., Li, J.-Q., Guo, S.-X., & Lee, Y.-I. (2022). Profiles of cytokinins metabolic genes and endogenous cytokinins dynamics during shoot multiplication in vitro of Phalaenopsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073755
Liao, B., Li, F., Yi, F., Du, M., Tian, X., & Li, Z. (2023). Comparative physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms of defoliation in cotton in response to thidiazuron versus ethephon. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087590
Lin, Q., Gong, J., Zhang, Z., Meng, Z., Wang, J., Wang, S., Sun, J., Gu, X., Jin, Y., Wu, T., Nuo, Y., Wang, Y., Kai, L., Jiang, J., & Qi, S. (2023). The Arabidopsis thaliana trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene AtTPPI regulates primary root growth and lateral root elongation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1088278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1088278
Llanes, A., Palchetti, M. V., Vilo, C., & Ibañez, C. (2021). Molecular control to salt tolerance mechanisms of woody plants: Recent achievements and perspectives. Annals of Forest Science, 78, 96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01107-7
Luostarinen, K., Hakkarainen, K., & Kaksonen, H. (2017). Wood anatomy of seed and basal bud originated downy birches (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) grown at four different sites. Silva Fennica, 51(1), 1694. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1694
Ma, L., Zhao, Y., Chen, M., Li, Y., Shen, Z., Cao, Y., Wu, D., Yu, M., Grierson, D., & Shi, Y. (2023). The microRNA ppe-miR393 mediates auxin-induced peach fruit softening by promoting ethylene production. Plant Physiology, 192(2), 1638–1655. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad182
Mangais, R., Rampe, H. L., & Siahaan, P. (2022). Vegetative growth response of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) after applicated several plant growth regulators (PGRs). Akta Agrosia, 25(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.31186/aa.25.1.11-16
Mroue, S., Simeunovic, A., & Robert, H.S. (2018). Auxin production as an integrator of environmental cues for developmental growth regulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 69(2), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx259
Orozco-Mosqueda, M.del C., Santoyo, G., & Glick, B.R. (2023). Recent advances in the bacterial phytohormone modulation of plant growth. Plants, 12(3), 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030606
Prameswari, W., Anandyawati, A., Prasetyo, P., Salamah, U., Oktavia, D., & Setyowati, N. (2022). Natural plant growth regulator effect on the vegetative growth of Long Pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.). International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 18(3), 1167–1178. https://li04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/IJAT/article/view/7306
Randall, R. S., Miyashima, S., Blomster, T., Zhang, J., Elo, A., Karlberg, A., Immanen, J., Nieminen, K., Lee, J.-Y., Kakimoto, T., Blajecka, K., Melnyk, C. W., Alcasabas, A., Forzani, C., Matsumoto-Kitano, M., Mähönen, A. P., Bhalerao, R., Dewitte, W., Helariutta, Y., & Murray, J. A. H. (2015). AINTEGUMENTA and the D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 regulate root secondary growth and respond to cytokinins. Biology Open, 4(10), 1229–1236. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.013128
Ranganatha, M., Rao, N.N., Giridhar, P., & Sharma, A. (2023). Micropropagation and in vitro flowering in Basella alba. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 154, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02515-5
Sosnowski, J., Malinowska, E., Jankowski, K., Król, J., & Redzik, P. (2019). An estimation of the effects of synthetic auxin and cytokinin and the time of their application on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Medicago × varia T. Martyn. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.023
Sussmilch, F.C., Schultz, J., Hedrich, R., & Roelfsema, M.R.G. (2019). Acquiring control: The evolution of stomatal signalling pathways. Trends in Plant Science, 24(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.01.002
Tian, C., Zhang, J., Gu, J., Li, W., & Cao, Y. (2022). Light controlled biomaterials for regulating cell migration and differentiation. Smart Materials in Medicine, 3, 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smaim.2022.01.005
Traas, J. (2019). Organogenesis at the shoot apical meristem. Plants, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8010006
Waghmare, S.S., Adat, S.R., Mohite, V.K., Waghule, A.A., & Patale, S.S. (2021). Study of Bunchy Top of Banana Virus (BBTV) and its control by integrated disease management (IDM). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 10(11), 416–429. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.047
Weimer, A.K., Matos, J.L., Sharma, N., Patell, F., Murray, J.A.H., Dewitte, W., & Bergmann, D.C. (2018). Lineage- and stage-specific expressed CYCD7;1 coordinates the single symmetric division that creates stomatal guard cells. Development, 145(6), dev160671. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.160671
Wu, W., Du, K., Kang, X., & Wei, H. (2021). The diverse roles of cytokinins in regulating leaf development. Horticulture Research, 8, 118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00558-3
Wu, Y., Chang, Y., Luo, L., Tian, W., Gong, Q., & Liu, X. (2022). Abscisic acid employs NRP-dependent PIN2 vacuolar degradation to suppress auxin-mediated primary root elongation in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist, 233(1), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17783
Xiong, Z., Xiong, D., Yang, D., Cui, K., Peng, S., & Huang, J. (2022). Effects of contrasting N supplies on leaf photosynthetic induction under fluctuating light in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Physiologia Plantarum, 174(2), e13636. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13636
Yadav, S., Yugandhar, P., Alavilli, H., Raliya, R., Singh, A., Sahi, S.V., Sarkar, A.K., & Jain, A. (2022). Potassium chloroaurate-mediated in vitro synthesis of gold nanoparticles improved root growth by crosstalk with sucrose and nutrient-dependent auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nanomaterials, 12(12), 2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122099
Yang, K., Zhu, L., Wang, H., Le, J., et al. (2019). A conserved but plant-specific CDK-mediated regulation of DNA replication protein A2 in the precise control of stomatal terminal division. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(36), 18126–18131. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819345116
Yang, L., Sun, J., Yan, C., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Ren, Q., Wang, S., Ma, X., Zhao, L., & Sun, J. (2022). Regeneration of duckweed (Lemna turonifera) involves genetic molecular regulation and cyclohexane release. PLoS ONE, 17(1), e0254265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.025426
Yin, S., Bai, J., Wen, X., Zhang, G., Han, L., & Hu, X. (2019). Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (phenanthrene) addition on soil nitrogen mineralization processes in rural and urban river wetlands of the Pearl River Estuary, China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 38(3), 600–608. https://doi.org/10.11654/jaes.2018-1543
Zahoor, R., Zhao, W., Abid, M., Dong, H., & Zhou, Z. (2017). Potassium application regulates nitrogen metabolism and osmotic adjustment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) functional leaf under drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 215, 30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.001
Zhang, Z., Gao, L., Ke, M., Gao, Z., Tu, T., Huang, L., Chen, J., Guan, Y., Huang, X., & Chen, X. (2022). GmPIN1-mediated auxin asymmetry regulates leaf petiole angle and plant architecture in soybean. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 64(7), 1325–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13269
Zhou, Z., Zhang, K., Wang, L., Su, Y., Wang, J., Song, T., Yang, X., Tang, J., & Lin, S. (2021). Nitrogen availability improves the physiological resilience of coral endosymbiont Cladocopium goreaui to high temperature. Journal of Phycology, 57(4), 1187–1198. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13156
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
