Bio-physico-chemical Soil Characteristic: Intensive Tillage vs. No Tillage
Abstract
Soil tillage has both positive and negative impacts on soil quality and crop productivity. Efforts to reduce the negative impacts of intensive soil tillage are urgently needed. This study aims to analyze the impact of intensive soil tillage on soil fertility parameters (pH, available P, organic-C, soil compaction, aggregate stability, and soil biodiversity). This research was conducted in two land uses: agriculture and forest land. The research design was descriptive-explorative through surveys and direct field observations. The sample points were determined using stratified random sampling with 3 replications (24 samples). Parameters analyzed in this study were soil compaction, aggregate stability, soil pH, soil available-P, and soil biodiversity (total microbial, soil meso-and-macrofauna). The results showed that intensive tillage affected the soil microbial population, aggregate stability, pH, and available-P (p<0.05). The negative impact of intensive soil tillage reduced total soil microbes by 59.37%. The soil macro and mesofauna found at the study site were earthworms and mycorrhizae, which had a higher density on non-tillage land, with trees as the main vegetation. This encourages efforts to introduce conservation soil tillage to maintain soil biodiversity before more severe damage occurs.
Keywords: Intensive agriculture, Soil degradation, Soil fertility, Soil quality, Soil structure.
Downloads
References
Anda, M., Kasno, A., Ginting, C.B., Barus, P.A., & Purwanto, S. (2021). Response of Andisols to intensive agricultural land use: Implication on changes in P accumulation and colloidal surface charge. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012016
Arifin, M., Devnita, R., Anda, M., Goenadi, D.H., & Nugraha, A. (2022). Characteristics of Andisols developed from andesitic and basaltic volcanic ash in different agro-climatic zones. Soil Systems, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6040078
Badalíková, B. (2010). Influence of soil tillage on soil compaction. In: Dedousis, A., Bartzanas, T. (eds) Soil Engineering. Soil Biology, 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03681-1_2
Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. (2006). Sifat Fisika Tanah dan Metode Analisisnya.
Bhattacharyya, S.S., Ros, G.H., Furtak, K., Iqbal, H.M.N., & Parra-Saldívar, R. (2022). Soil carbon sequestration – An interplay between soil microbial community and soil organic matter dynamics. Science of the Total Environment, 815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152928
Busari, M.A., Kukal, S.S., Kaur, A., Bhatt, R., & Dulazi, A.A. (2015). Conservation tillage impacts on soil, crop and the environment. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 3(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.05.002
Candan, F., & Broquen, P. (2009). Aggregate stability and related properties in NW Patagonian Andisols. Geoderma, 154(1–2), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.09.010
Cappuccino, J.G., & Welsh, C.T. (2018). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual (K. Churchman (ed.); 11th ed.). Pearson.
Desiani, A. (2019). Kajian Pengaruh materi organik pada sifat fisis tanah lunak. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 13(1), 21–48. https://doi.org/10.28932/jts.v13i1.1427
Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kabupaten Demak. (2022). Pengolahan tanah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian. Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kabupaten Demak.
Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Buleleng. (2019). Manfaat Pengolahan Tanah Untuk Media Tanaman. Cybex Pertanian.
Guan, Y., Xu, B., Zhang, X., & Yang, W. (2022). Tillage practices and residue management manipulate soil bacterial and fungal communities and networks in maize agroecosystems. Microorganisms, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051056
Harahap, F.S., Rauf, A., Fauzi, Susanti, R., Afriani, A., & Fuad, C. (2018). Testing of conservation soil processing by giving micorizization and ground nut variety on soil chemical. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian dan Perikanan, 1, 75–81.
Kraut-Cohen, J., Zolti, A., Shaltiel-Harpaz, L., Argaman, E., Rabinovich, R., Green, S.J., & Minz, D. (2020). Effects of tillage practices on soil microbiome and agricultural parameters. Science of the Total Environment, 705, 135791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135791
Liu, Z., Cao, S., Sun, Z., Wang, H., Qu, S., Lei, N., He, J., & Dong, Q. (2021). Tillage effects on soil properties and crop yield after land reclamation. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84191-z
Manik, P.A., Tika, I.W., & Aviantara, I.G.N.A. (2017). Studi kasus tentang pengolahan tanah dengan bajak singkal dan rotary terhadap sifat fisik tanah pada budidaya tanaman padi sawah. Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian), 5(1), 61–67.
Mobilian, C., & Craft, C.B. (2022). Wetland soils: Physical and chemical properties and biogeochemical processes. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters (Second Edition), 3, 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819166-8.00049-9
Neugschwandtner, R.W., Liebhard, P., Kaul, H.P., & Wagentristl, H. (2014). Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment. Plant, Soil and Environment, 60(2), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.17221/879/2013-pse
Qiu, L., Xiao, T., Bai, T., Mo, X., Huang, J., Deng, W., & Liu, Y. (2023). Seasonal dynamics and influencing factors of litterfall production and carbon input in typical forest community types in Lushan Mountain, China. Forests, 14(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020341
Siswana, S.R., Sembiring, M., Hanum, H., & Rosneli. (2019). The effect of phosphate solubilizing microbes and chicken manure in increasing the P availability and growth of green beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) on Andisol. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 260(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012160
Smith, C.R., Blair, P.L., Boyd, C., Cody, B., Hazel, A., Hedrick, A., Kathuria, H., Khurana, P., Kramer, B., Muterspaw, K., Peck, C., Sells, E., Skinner, J., Tegeler, C., & Wolfe, Z. (2016). Microbial community responses to soil tillage and crop rotation in a corn/soybean agroecosystem. Ecology and Evolution, 6(22), 8075–8084. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2553
Tillage, C., Wheat, S., Yuan, J., Sadiq, M., Rahim, N., Tahir, M.M., Liang, Y., & Zhuo, M. (2023). Changes in Soil Properties and Crop Yield under Sustainable.
Weidhuner, A., Hanauer, A., Krausz, R., Crittenden, S.J., Gage, K., & Sadeghpour, A. (2021). Tillage impacts on soil aggregation and aggregate-associated carbon and nitrogen after 49 years. Soil and Tillage Research, 208(November 2020), 104878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104878
World Bank. (2022). The World Bank supports Indonesia’s agriculture sector to become more resilient and inclusive. World Bank Press Release, 1–5.
Xomphoutheb, T., Jiao, S., Guo, X., Mabagala, F.S., Sui, B., Wang, H., Zhao, L., & Zhao, X. (2020). The effect of tillage systems on phosphorus distribution and forms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under maize (Zea mays L.) in Northeast China. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63567-7
Yuan, J., Yan, L., Li, G., Sadiq, M., Rahim, N., Wu, J., Ma, W., Xu, G., & Du, M. (2022). Effects of conservation tillage strategies on soil physicochemical indicators and N2O emission under spring wheat monocropping system conditions. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11391-6
